大数据 ›› 2021, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (4): 3-13.doi: 10.11959/issn.2096-0271.2021034

• 专题：新基建环境下的数据资产价值评估与定价 • 上一篇    下一篇

数据权属界定面临的问题困境与破解思路

何波   

  1. 中国信息通信研究院，北京 100191
  • 出版日期:2021-07-15 发布日期:2021-07-01
  • 作者简介:何波（1989-），男，博士，中国信息通信研究院互联网法律研究中心主任工程师、网络安全领域副主席，国际统一私法协会研究访问学者，曾参与《网络安全法》《电子商务法》《民法典人格权编》《数据安全法》等多项法律法规的起草支撑及研究工作，主要研究方向为信息通信、互联网、数据保护等领域的法律政策及国际数字贸易规则等
  • 基金资助:
    北京市社会科学基金资助项目(15FXA007);中国政法大学科研创新资助项目(20ZFY82002)

Issues faced by the determination of data ownership and solutions

Bo HE   

  1. China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Beijing 100191, China
  • Online:2021-07-15 Published:2021-07-01
  • Supported by:
    Beijing Social Science Foundation(15FXA007);China University of Political Science and Law Research and Innovation Foundation(20ZFY82002)

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摘要：

随着数据成为关键生产要素，如何界定数据权属成为各方高度关注的重要问题。首先分析数据权属界定不明带来的国家、企业和个人层面诸多亟待解决的问题，包括国家数据主权和数字治理的挑战，企业数据集中和无序竞争难题，以及个人数据保护问题；然后指出数据权属界定也面临理论和实践的双重困境；最后提出在坚持发展和规范并重、严守个人信息保护底线以及分级分类等原则的基础上，持续完善法律制度设计，尝试设立“基础数据”管理制度，分类探索数据权属划分规则；强化行政监管措施，提高数据处理透明度和个人信息保护力度；积极发挥技术手段作用，推动破解数据权属困境。

关键词: 数据, 权属, 分级分类, 法律路径

Abstract:

As data becomes a key production factor, the determination of data ownership is becoming an important issue.Firstly, the problems that need to be solved urgently from perspectives of the government, enterprise, and individual brought by the unclear determination of data ownership were analyzed, including national data sovereignty and digital governance challenges, enterprise’s data concentration and disorderly competition problems, as well as personal data protection issues.Then, the theoretical and practical dilemmas in the determination of data ownership were pointed out.Finally, on the basis of adhering to the principles of equal emphasis on development and regulation, strictly abiding by the personal information protection bottom line and classification, the solution to crack the data ownership dilemma was proposed.That is by improving the design of the legal system to establish a basic data management system and explore the rules of data ownership determination by classification, strengthening the administrative supervision measures to improve data processing transparency and personal information protection, and making the full use of technical means.

Key words: data, ownership, dassification, legal method

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