数据流通市场中数据产品的特性及其交易模式

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-0271.2022045

Abstract

Abstract:

Developing the markets of data as a factor of production is the key in the efficient allocation of data factor.However, the early practices of data markets in China have revealed a series of problems, which urgently calls for a systematic review and analysis on the data market theoretical mechanisms.The circulation process of data products was analyzed from different perspectives, such as transaction cost theory, electronic market framework, and electronic trading mode.And it was further proposed that the effects of the data computability were two-fold.On the one hand, the computability enabled data to be analyzed so as to fit in the specific demand in certain industries.On the other hand, the computability was also likely to remove the data transaction process from the market, also known as platform disintermediation.Based on the classical theoretical framework of electronic market, the offerings of data products were divided into four quadrants and analysis was conducted correspondingly.Finally, suggestions for data product suppliers and data transaction platform providers were put forward.

Key words: data factor, data product, electronic market, transaction pattern, platform disintermediation

CLC Number:

F49，F123.9

Lihua HUANG, Yifan DOU, Mengke GUO, Qifeng TANG, Gen LI. Features and transaction modes of data products in data markets[J]. Big Data Research, 2022, 8(3): 3-14.

Figures/Tables 6

数据产品/服务	描述复杂性	解释	资产专用性	解释	类别
数据集	★	多为表格或数据库等通用格式，字段清晰，可量化，可计算性高	N	不针对某一具体需方	低描述复杂性-低资产专用性、低描述复杂性-高资产专用性
API	★★★	涉及调用地址、请求方式、返回结果等内容	★★	为具备API使用能力的需方所用	高描述复杂性-低资产专用性
许可证	★★★	涉及统一的代码、模块分类、数据表结构等内容	★	为具备客户端使用能力的需方所用，如对Visual Basic for Applications、MATLAB、R、Python等多语言平台的支持	高描述复杂性-低资产专用性
数据处理服务	★★★	涉及数据的去重、改错、抽取、排序、分组等内容	★★★★★	需要与需方就该类服务的范围和程度进行沟通，了解需求，定制数据清洗加工方案	高描述复杂性-高资产专用性
数据分析工具服务	★★★★★	版本较多，算法多样。例如富数科技的安全计算产品，版本包括联邦学习版、匿踪查询版、多功能版等，交付方式也分为软件包、云计算、软硬一体机等	★★	标准化计算工具可以实现一对多的提供方式	高描述复杂性-低资产专用性
数据应用服务	★★★★★	例如数据宝新零售行业解决方案，描述内容包括数据来源、服务对象、核验方式、画像描述等内容，构建电商用户360°全方位数据风控体系及画像解决方案	★★★★★	根据企业的具体业务需求，针对性地提供各行业大数据解决方案。需要与需方以项目制方式深入沟通，了解应用需求，定制方案。定制化程度较高，成果专属性较强	高描述复杂性-高资产专用性
注：“★”数量的多少表示程度的高低；“N”代表依场景而变。

References 24

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数据交易机构	数据集	API	许可证	数据处理服务	数据应用服务	数据分析工具服务	行业研究报告
北京国际大数据交易所	√	√	√		√		√
北京数据交易平台	√	√		√	√	√
上海数据交易所		√
合肥数据要素流通平	√	√			√	√	√
浙江大数据交易中心	√	√			√
山东数据交易平台	√	√			√		√
青岛大数据交易中心	√	√			√	√
贵阳大数据交易所	√			√	√
武汉东湖大数据交易中心	√	√			√
北部湾大数据交易中	√	√			√	√
山西数据交易平台	√	√		√	√
香港大数据交易所					√
华中大数据交易所	√	√			√	√
华东江苏大数据交易中心					√
Wind数据			√		√		√
聚合数据	√	√
数据堂	√	√		√	√
百度API		√
阿里云API平台		√
企查查	√	√		√	√
天元数据网	√	√			√		√
京东万象	√	√					√
数据宝		√		√	√
优易数据	√	√		√	√		√
用友APILink		√				√

Features and transaction modes of data products in data markets

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