信息-数据二维视角下的数据权属体系构建

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-0271.2022074

Abstract

Abstract:

The data rights confirmation system has become a fundamental issue in establishing a market-based system for data elements.From a dual-dimensional perspective, the distinctions between information and data regarding their concepts and characteristics were discussed, on this basis, a method was proposed to construct a data-right confirmation system by classifying information subjects and data management subjects.This procedure underlies the construction of the data rights confirmation system.Studies show that: (1) information is content substance while data is the carrier of information.Individuals, organizations, and other entities are the subjects of information content production, and individuals, and organizations are the owners of information; (2) Individuals or organizations have the rights and obligations of data management for the data formed by recording information in some form; (3) By the current legal framework and objective practice, data ownership shall belong to the State, while data management subjects have limited rights to possess, use, seek profits from and dispose of data, meanwhile ought to perform corresponding obligations to protect the rights and interests of information subjects.

Key words: data rights confirmation system, ownership, personality right, property right

CLC Number:

Qin GU, Tao ZHOU, Shuli ZHONG, Zhimei QIN, Yaoyao ZHANG, Yi CHEN. Construction of data rights system from information-data two-dimensional perspective[J]. Big Data Research, 2022, 8(5): 153-169.

Figures/Tables 2

类别号	权利主体			权利分类	主要义务
				信息主权	维护国家主权、安全、发展利益；维护社会公共利益；保护公
1	国家			数据主权	民、组织的合法权益
				数据所有权
		个人		知情权	协助、配合国家有权机关依法履行职责
			政府及公共	决定权	政府及公共企事业单位的信息，以公开为常态、不公开为例外；
2	信息		企事业单位	拒绝权	单位之间的信息资源，以共享为原则、不共享为例外
	主体	组织		访问权	依法公开的企业信息应当真实、及时；涉及国家秘密、国家安
			企业	可携带权	全或社会公共利益的，应依批准公开；
				更正权	协助、配合国家有权机关依法履行职责
				删除权
		个人			协助、配合国家有权机关依法履行职责
					提升公共服务的智能化水平，提升运用数据服务经济社会发
					展的能力；
			政府及公共		对在履行公共管理职责中知悉的个人隐私、个人信息、商业秘
			企事业单位		密、保密商务信息等数据应当依法予以保密，不得泄露或者
					非法向他人提供；
					建立健全网络安全、数据安全、个人信息管理制度，落实安全
					保护与监管责任
				有限的占有权	应当遵守法律、法规，尊重社会公德和伦理，遵守商业道德
3	数据管			有限的使用权	和职业道德，诚实守信，履行网络安全、数据安全、个人信息
	理主体	组织		有限的收益权	安全保护义务，承担社会责任，不得危害国家安全、公共利
				有限的处分权	益，不得损害个人、组织的合法权益；
					建立健全全流程数据安全管理制度，组织开展数据安全教育
					培训，采取相应的技术措施和其他必要措施，在等级保护制
			企业		度的基础上，保障数据安全；
					处理个人信息应当遵循合法、正当、必要和诚信原则，不得通
					过误导、欺诈、胁迫等方式处理个人信息；
					收集和产生的个人信息和重要数据应当在境内存储，确需向
					境外提供的，应当进行安全评估、个人信息保护认证等前置
					条件

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