网络与信息安全学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (3): 142-153.doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2021097

• 学术论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于信任值的车联网分层共识优化协议

翟宝琴1, 王健1, 韩磊1,2, 刘吉强1, 何嘉豪1, 刘天皓1   

  1. 1 北京交通大学智能交通数据安全与隐私保护技术北京市重点实验室，北京 100044
    2 北京计算机技术及应用研究所，北京 100854
  • 修回日期:2021-09-03 出版日期:2022-06-15 发布日期:2022-06-01
  • 作者简介:翟宝琴（1996− ），女，山西太原人，北京交通大学硕士生，主要研究方向为区块链及车联网安全
    王健（1975− ），男，山东烟台人，博士，北京交通大学副教授、博士生导师，主要研究方向为密码应用及区块链、网络安全
    韩磊（1983− ），男，内蒙古呼伦贝尔人，博士（后），北京计算机技术及应用研究所高级工程师，主要研究方向为信息安全、密码应用、智能安全
    刘吉强（1973− ），男，山东烟台人，博士，北京交通大学教授、博士生导师，主要研究方向为可信计算、隐私保护、云计算安全
    何嘉豪（1997− ），男，北京人，北京交通大学硕士生，主要研究方向为区块链及数据安全存储
    刘天皓（1997− ），男，北京人，北京交通大学硕士生，主要研究方向为区块链及物联网安全
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2020YFB2103800)

Hierarchical proxy consensus optimization for IoV based on blockchain and trust value

Baoqin ZHAI1, Jian WANG1, Lei HAN1,2, Jiqiang LIU1, Jiahao HE1, Tianhao LIU1   

  1. 1 Beijing Key Laboratory of Security and Privacy in Intelligent Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
    2 Beijing Institute of Computer Technology and Application, Beijing 100854, China
  • Revised:2021-09-03 Online:2022-06-15 Published:2022-06-01
  • Supported by:
    The National Key R＆D Program of China(2020YFB2103800)

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摘要：

随着车联网、5G 和人工智能技术的快速发展，智能交通成为交通技术发展趋势，车联网作为车-车、车-路信息交互平台，是智能交通信息共享和处理的基础。同时车联网安全备受关注，特别是数据安全问题，可能会造成用户隐私泄露。区块链技术的发展成为一种解决途径，但在效率、安全性等方面仍面临新挑战。随着车辆节点、信息增多，如何在车辆高速移动环境中高效完成信息共识也成为问题关键。针对上述问题，提出基于区块链及信任值的自下而上双层RSU（road side unit）链共识协议。对比几种典型的共识结构并依据实际车联网场景、符合速度、容错率以及减少通信量需求，选择自下而上双层共识结构。通过赋予每辆车信任值，并基于节点参与程度、工作完成情况及消息价值度提出组领导节点选举算法，以确保系统安全性。基于上述共识结构与算法工作，完整描述协议具体流程，分为区域划分、组领导节点选取、局部共识、领导主节点选取、全局共识、域内广播6个步骤。从安全性、通信复杂度、共识算法时延、容错率4个方面对实验进行分析。实验证明，与其他方案对比，本协议在可抵抗合谋攻击、女巫攻击等条件下，可以有效降低通信复杂度，缩短共识时延，并在安全前提下提高容错率，使更多节点参与信息共享，满足车联网场景需求。

关键词: 共识分层, 车联网, 信任值, 区块链, 信息更新效率

Abstract:

With the rapid development of Internet of vehicles, 5G and artificial intelligence technologies, intelligent transportation has become the development trend of transportation technology.As a vehicle-vehicle and vehicle-road information interaction platform, the Internet of vehicles is the basic support platform for intelligent traffic information sharing and processing.At the same time, the security of Internet of vehicles has attracted much attention, especially data security which may cause user privacy leakage.The blockchain technology has become a solution, but it still faces new challenges in efficiency, security and other aspects.With the increase of vehicle nodes and information, how to efficiently achieve information consensus in high-speed vehicle moving environment has become a key problem.Then a bottom-up RSU (road side unit) chain consensus protocol was proposed based on blockchain and trust value.Several typical consensus structures were compared, and bottom-up two-layer consensus structure was adopted according to the actual scenarios of the Internet of vehicles.Moreover, a group leader node election algorithm was proposed which is based on node participation, work completion and message value.The system security was ensured by assigning trust value to each vehicle.Following the consensus structure and algorithm work mentioned above, the specific process of the protocol was comprehensively described, which was divided into six steps: region division, group leader node selection, local consensus, leader primary node selection, global consensus, and intra-domain broadcast.Then the experiments were analyzed from four aspects: security, communication complexity, consensus algorithm delay and fault tolerance rate.Experiments showed that, compared with other schemes, the proposed protocol can effectively reduce communication complexity and shorten consensus delay under the condition of resisting conspiracy attack, witch attack and other attacks.On the premise of security, the protocol improves fault tolerance rate and enables more nodes to participate in information sharing to satisfy the requirements of Internet of vehicles scenarios.

Key words: consensus optimization, internet of vehicles, trust value, blockchain, efficiency of information updating

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