6G室内定位技术原理与展望

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2021118

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为更好地支撑基于位置的差异化服务，6G移动通信对室内定位精度提出了更高要求。首先从单一定位技术入手，介绍了现有室内定位技术的原理、特点及优劣势。随后，针对单一定位技术的不足，进一步讨论了基于多技术融合的室内定位系统。此外，介绍了基于多网络/多设备的协作定位系统进展，归纳并分析了集中式协作定位系统与分布式协作定位系统的常见架构。最后，指出了6G室内定位技术的发展机遇与挑战。

关键词: 室内定位, 协作定位, 6G定位

Abstract:

For supporting location based differentiated services better, 6G has a more stringent requirement on high-precision positioning.Firstly, the principles, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of the existing indoor positioning techniques were introduced.Then, indoor positioning systems integrating multiple techniques were discussed to overcome the drawbacks of using only a single technique.Moreover, the advances in cooperative positioning systems involving multi-devices and multi-networks were presented with the summary and analysis of centralized and distributed implementation architectures.Finally, the opportunities and challenges faced by 6G indoor positioning were pointed out.

Key words: indoor positioning, cooperative positioning, 6G positioning

中图分类号:

TN929.5

万潇阳, 孙耀华, 王则予. 6G室内定位技术原理与展望[J]. 电信科学, 2021, 37(6): 91-104.

Xiaoyang WAN, Yaohua SUN, Zeyu WANG. Principle and future trends of indoor positioning in 6G[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2021, 37(6): 91-104.

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企业	应用领域	定位方案	精度	成本	时延
95power	煤矿、隧道、管廊设备/车辆/人员一维室内定位	UWB+TWR	厘米～分米级	高	/
中海达	物流追踪、智能工厂/医院/监狱室内定位	IR-UWB	分米级	高	/
CloudNav	室内外定位与运动跟踪、手势识别	GNSS/BLU/Wi-Fi+IMUs	米级	中	/
Inpixon	IoT位置感知、人员/设备和资产跟踪	Chirp+UWB+TDOA	厘米～米级	高	/
Phunware	室内定位与室内外无缝导航	BLE/vBLE/Wi-Fi+指纹	米级	中	＜5 s
IndoorAtlas	室内定位、人员/设备及资产追踪	PDR+地磁+BLE+Wi-Fi+气压	米级	低	/
PoleStar	室内寻路导航、资产/人员追踪、地理围栏	BLE	米级	低	/
AiRISTA Flow	医疗服务如病人管理、资产追踪、员工工作流程	Wi-Fi+BLE+RFID+IR	分米级	低	/

定位技术	定位精度	硬件成本	受NLOS影响	缺陷
UWB/超声波/伪卫星-TOA	毫米级~厘米级	高	是	需精密的时间同步，普适性差
UWB- AOA	分米级	高	是	需硬件支持AOA测量
功率	米级	低	是	受环境影响，可靠性差
视觉	厘米级	高	是	抗干扰性差，距离短，成本高
指纹	米级	低	否	维护人力成本高，精度低
惯导	米级	低	否	受IMU精度和累积误差影响