5G-Advanced低功耗唤醒接收机和唤醒信号技术

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022058

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对于可穿戴设备和物联网终端来说，设备的功耗至关重要。低功耗唤醒接收机和唤醒信号技术能够实现微瓦级的终端待机功耗，大幅度提升终端设备的电池寿命，可广泛适用于智能可穿戴设备、物联网设备、智能手机等终端类型。该技术已经被3GPP标准组织立项研究，有望成为5G-Advanced中终端侧的标志性技术之一。对低功耗唤醒接收机和唤醒信号技术进行了初步探讨，包括低功耗唤醒接收机的应用场景和需求、电路结构、唤醒信号设计、移动性和测量、与现有系统共存、干扰抑制等方面。

关键词: 5G-Advanced, 低功耗接收机, 唤醒信号, 可穿戴设备

Abstract:

Power consumption is critical for wearable and IoT (Internet of things) devices.Device standby with micro-watt level power consumption can be enabled by using low-power wake-up receiver/wake-up signal technology, which can increase the device battery life and are widely applicable to smart wearables, Internet of things, smart phones, etc.Study item on low power wake-up receiver and wake-up signal technology has been approved in 3GPP, and was considered as one of the iconic technologies for mobile devices in 5G-Advanced.Preliminary discussion on low power wake-up receiver and wake-up signal technology were provided, including use case and requirements, low power wake-up receiver structure, wake-up signal design, mobility and measurement aspects, co-existence with legacy system, anti-interference design.

Key words: 5G-Advanced, low-power receiver, wake-up signal, wearable device

中图分类号:

TP393

潘学明, 曲鑫. 5G-Advanced低功耗唤醒接收机和唤醒信号技术[J]. 电信科学, 2022, 38(3): 102-112.

Xueming PAN, Xin QU. Low power wake-up receiver and wake-up signal technology in 5G-Advanced[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2022, 38(3): 102-112.

图/表 15

表1

表2

表3

图1

图2

表4

图3

图4

图5

表5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

参考文献 21

[1]	3GPP. Physical channels and modulation (Release 15):TS 38.211[S]. 2019.
[2]	3GPP. Multiplexing and channel coding (Release 15):TS 38.212[S]. 2019.
[3]	3GPP. Physical layer procedures for control (Release 15):TS 38.213[S]. 2019.
[4]	3GPP. Physical layer procedures for data (Release 15):TS 38.214[S]. 2019.
[5]	3GPP. Physical channels and modulation (Release 16):TS 38.211[S]. 2020.
[6]	3GPP. Multiplexing and channel coding (Release 16):TS 38.212[S]. 2020.
[7]	3GPP. Physical layer procedures for control (Release 16):TS 38.213[S]. 2020.
[8]	3GPP. Physical layer procedures for data (Release 16):TS 38.214[S]. 2020.
[9]	3GPP. Study on support of reduced capability NR devices (Release 17):TR 38.875[S]. 2021.
[10]	3GPP,Ericsson. New SID on study on further NR RedCap UE complexity reduction[Z]. 2021.
[11]	Part 11:wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) Specifications[Z]. 2007.
[12]	PIYARE R , MURPHY A L , KIRALY C ,et al. Ultra low power wake-up radios:a hardware and networking survey[J]. IEEE Communications Surveys ＆ Tutorials, 2017,19(4): 2117-2157.
[13]	PLETCHER N M , GAMBINI S , RABAEY J M . A 2GHz 52 μW wake-up receiver with-72dBm sensitivity using uncertain-IF architecture[C]// Proceedings of 2008 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference-Digest of Technical Papers. Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2008: 524-633.
[14]	EVIDENTE G I , LORENZO MINDORO S , ALVAREZ A ,et al. An ultra-low power direct active-RF detection wake-up receiver with noise-cancelling envelope detector in 65 nm CMOS process[J]. TENCON 2018 - 2018 IEEE Region 10 Conference.Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2018: 12-15.
[15]	MANGAL V , KINGET P R . An ultra-low-power wake-up receiver with voltage-multiplying self-mixer and interferer-enhanced sensitivity[J]. 2017 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC).Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2017: 1-4.
[16]	YE D W , TU Y T , GONG W J ,et al. A two-tone wake-up receiver with an envelope-detector-first architecture using envelope biasing and active inductor load achieving 41/33dB in-band rejection to CW/AM interference[J]. 2021 IEEE Asian Solid-State Circuits Conference (A-SSCC).Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2021: 1-3.
[17]	MANGAL V , KINGET P R . 28.1 A 0.42nW 434MHz-79.1dBm wake-up receiver with a time-domain integrator[C]// Proceedings of 2019 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2019: 438-440.
[18]	BASSIRIAN P , DUVVURI D , TRUESDELL D S ,et al. 30.1 A temperature-robust 27.6 nW –65 dBm wakeup receiver at 9.6 GHz X-band[C]// Proceedings of 2020 IEEE International Solid- State Circuits Conference - (ISSCC). Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2020.
[19]	MOODY J , BASSIRIAN P , ROY A ,et al. Interference robust detector-first near-zero power wake-up receiver[J]. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2019,54(8): 2149-2162.
[20]	DAVID D. Low power radio survey[Z]. 2020.
[21]	vivo. New SID:study on low-power wake-up signal and receiver for NR[Z]. 2021.

技术手段	终端的成本/复杂度降低	其他效果
降低终端带宽能力	FR1，由100 MHz降低至20 MHz，约32%	降低终端功耗
	FR2，由200 MHz降低至100 MHz，约16%
减少终端接收天线（Rx）	由2Rx降低至1Rx或由4Rx 降低至2Rx，约30%	减小终端尺寸、降低终端功耗
	由4Rx降低至1Rx，约46%
支持FDD半双工操作	约7%	无
放松终端处理时间	终端物理层业务信道处理时间放松一倍，约6%	降低终端功耗
降低终端带宽能力、减少终端接收天线（Rx）	58%	减小终端尺寸、降低功耗
降低终端带宽能力、减少终端接收天线（Rx）、支持FDD半双工操作	63%	减小终端尺寸、降低功耗
降低终端带宽能力、减少终端接收天线（Rx）、支持FDD半双工操作、放松终端处理时间	67%	减小终端尺寸、降低功耗
注：FR1是指3GPP 5G标准定义的Frequency range 1，频率范围为450～6 000 MHz；FR2是指3GPP 5G标准定义的Frequency range 2，频率范围为24 250～52 600 MHz。

标准版本	终端节能特性
Rel-16	用于无线资源控制连接态非连续接收的唤醒信号
	连接态下行多输入多输出层数自适应
	用户设备辅助信息上报
	辅载波休眠
	idle（空闲态）或inactive（非激活态）状态无线资源管理测量放松
Rel-17	寻呼提前指示
	扩展的非连续接收
	进一步RRM测量放松
	连接态物理下行控制信道监听节能
	连接态无线链路监控/波束失败检测测量放松
	idle/inactive态测量信号
	inactive态小数据传输

终端类型	idle态平均电流	idle态平均功耗	待机时长（200 mAh）	待机时长（400 mAh）	待机时长（600 mAh）
4G智能手表	4 mA	16 mW	2.08天	4.16天	6.25天
5G智能手表	7 mA	28 mW	1.19天	2.38天	3.57天

调制方式	多载波OOK
信道编码	曼彻斯特码
带宽	312.5 kHz ×13
载频	2.4 GHz/5 GHz
数据率	62.5 kbit/s/250 kbit/s
符号长度	2 μs/4 μs
功耗	<100 μW

方案	通过能量收集供能	预计覆盖范围	接收灵敏度	功耗	信号设计
Rel-15空闲态的唤醒信号	不可行	> 500 m	>-100 dBm	基线
Rel-16连接态的唤醒信号	不可行	> 500 m	>-100 dBm	降低连接态功耗10%～20%	PDCCH结构
Rel-17空闲态的唤醒信号	不可行	> 500 m	>-100 dBm	降低空闲态功耗10%～20%	PDCCH结构
Rel-18 低功耗唤醒信号	可行	>100 m	>-80 dBm	降低待机功耗为原来的1/1 000～1/100	独立的接收机，ASK （OOK）：待研究