互联网企业创新效率与规模关系的实证分析

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022135

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选取了26家互联网上市企业，运用数据包络法和回归分析，对互联网企业的创新效率及其与规模的关系进行了实证分析。研究结果显示，互联网行业属于高创新水平行业，创新效率在近 5 年内呈波动下降趋势，商业模式创新效率高于技术创新效率；互联网企业规模与创新水平关系间存在“倒 U”型关系，适当提升企业规模有利于企业创新，但规模增长带来的效益和创新效率却不会随之一直增长，互联网企业应理性规模扩张。以上结论为我国互联网企业高质量发展，为国家相关监管、规范政策的制定，提供了数据支撑。

关键词: 互联网企业, 平台经济, 创新效率, 企业规模, 数据包络法

Abstract:

26 Internet-listed companies were selected, data envelopment method and regression analysis were used to conduct an empirical analysis on the innovation efficiency of Internet companies and its relationship with scale.The research results show that the Internet industry belongs to a high level of innovation industry.The innovation efficiency has shown a fluctuating downward trend in the past five years, and the business model innovation efficiency is higher than the technological innovation efficiency.There is an “inverted U” relationship between the scale of Internet companies and the level of innovation.Properly increasing the scale of enterprises will help enterprises to innovate, however, the benefits and innovation efficiency brought about by scale growth will not continue to grow.Internet companies should expand rationally.Above conclusions provide data support for the high-quality development of Internet companies and for the formulation of relevant national supervision and regulation policies.

Key words: Internet company, platform economy, innovation efficiency, enterprise scale, data envelopment method

中图分类号:

张姗姗, 王馥芸. 互联网企业创新效率与规模关系的实证分析[J]. 电信科学, 2022, 38(6): 111-119.

Shanshan ZHANG, Fuyun WANG. An empirical analysis of the relationship between innovation efficiency and scale of Internet companies[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2022, 38(6): 111-119.

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具体领域	企业名称	数量/个	占比
电子商务	京东、唯品会、阿里巴巴	3	11.54%
生活服务	携程、58同城、途牛、汽车之家、二三四五	5	19.23%
网络媒体	搜狐、网易、欢聚时代	3	11.54%
网络社交	陌陌、微博	2	7.69%
搜索服务	百度	1	3.84%
网络游戏	掌趣科技、完美世界、金科文化、巨人网络、游族、网龙	6	23.08%
实用工具	猎豹移动、三六零、迅雷	3	11.54%
互联网金融	大智慧、同花顺、东方财富	3	11.54%

指标类型	指标名称	指标意义	指标来源
投入指标	研发投入	技术创新能力	研发支出
	研发人员	技术创新能力	研发人员数量
	主营业务成本	商业模式创新能力	主营业务成本
	获取用户成本	商业模式创新能力	销售费用
产出指标	活跃用户量	潜在企业价值	日活数
	净利润	盈利能力	净利润
	市值	企业价值	市值
	专利	技术成果	专利

效率	2016年/个	2017年/个	2018年/个	2019年/个	2020年/个	平均占比
≥1	12	13	16	12	13	50.77%
[0.8,1）	13	12	9	12	11	43.85%
[0.5,0.8）	1	1	1	2	2	5.38%
（0,0.5）	0	0	0	0	0	0
总计	26	26	26	26	26	100%
效率平均	1.016	1.031	1.114	1.068	1.092

年份	技术效率	技术进步	纯技术效率	模式效率	创新综合效率
2016—2017年	0.965	1.194	1.047	0.922	1.153
2017—2018年	0.911	1.205	0.879	1.036	1.097
2018—2019年	0.856	1.105	0.873	0.981	0.946
2019—2020年	0.959	1.122	0.965	0.994	1.076
均值	0.922	1.156	0.938	0.982	1.065
注：原始数据来源于各企业财报，下同。

自变量	因变量		创新
自变量	系数	标准差	t值	p值
规模	0.567 718 5	0.323 530 5	1.75	0.082*
规模 ²	-0.023 352 7	0.012 563 6	-1.86	0.066*
企业年龄	-0.030 061 9	0.054 363 3	-0.55	0.582
资本总额	-115.070 3	78.141 06	-1.47	0.144
人均资本额	115.194 3	78.192 62	1.47	0.144
员工数	115.263 4	78.178 35	1.47	0.144
劳动生产率	1.052 838	1.346 307	0.78	0.436
R-squared（拟合度）	0.081 4
F值	5.40
p值	0.00***
注：**表示在1%的水平上显著，表示在10%的水平上显著。