5G基站辐射安全与网络规划研究

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2021196

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着5G的快速发展，基站的辐射安全成为公众关注的热点问题。由于5G高频段和大带宽的特性，超密集异构网络应用日趋普遍。通过分析典型5G基站电磁辐射对人体的影响，详细计算了不同功率基站的安全距离。基于室外宏基站、室外杆站、电话亭基站和室内微基站等各种常见的5G无线网络设备形态，进行了不同场景的安全区分析和理论计算，并根据实地测试结果进行验证，给出了具体的组网建议。

关键词: 5G, 电磁辐射, 基站, 网络规划

Abstract:

With the rapid development of 5G network, the radiation safety of base stations is a hot issue of public concern.As 5G has the characteristics of high frequency band and large bandwidth, ultra-dense heterogeneous network applications are becoming more common.The impact of electromagnetic radiation from typical 5G base stations on the human body was analyzed, and the safety distances of base stations with different powers were calculated in detail.Based on various common 5G base station equipment forms such as outdoor macro stations, outdoor pole stations, telephone booth base stations, and indoor micro stations, the safe area of different scenarios was analyzed and theoretically calculated.The results were verified based on field test and specific networking planning recommendations were proposed.

Key words: 5G, electromagnetic radiation, base station, network planning

中图分类号:

TN929.5

许浩, 曹弘毅. 5G基站辐射安全与网络规划研究[J]. 电信科学, 2021, 37(9): 159-167.

Hao XU, Hongyi CAO. Research on 5G base station radiation safety and corresponding network planning[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2021, 37(9): 159-167.

图/表 21

图1

表1

表2

表3

图2

图4

图3

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

表4

表5

表6

表7

表8

表9

图11

表10

参考文献 7

[1]	许浩, 李辰 . 5G室内覆盖规模部署研究与思考[J]. 电信科学, 2020,36(S1): 38-44.
	XU H , LI C . Research and consideration on 5G indoor coverage scale deployment[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2020,36(S1): 38-44.
[2]	许浩, 张儒申 . 5G 组网架构对比与演进方案[J]. 电信科学, 2020,36(S1): 1-6.
	XU H , ZHANG R S . Comparison and evolution of 5G network architecture[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2020,36(S1): 1-6.
[3]	张卢华, 许浩, 卞轶杰 . 重要城市场景5G组网的挑战与思考[J]. 电信科学, 2020,36(S1): 7-14.
	ZHANG L H , XU H , BIAN Y J . Challenges and thoughts of 5G networking in important urban scenarios[J]. Telecommunica-tions Science, 2020,36(S1): 7-14.
[4]	环境保护部. 电磁环境控制限值:GB 8702-2014[S]. 2014.
	Ministry of environmental protection. Electromagnetic radiation protection regulations:GB 8702-2014[S]. 2014.
[5]	国家环境保护局. 辐射环境保护管理导则—电磁辐射环境影响评价方法与标准：HJ/T 10.3-1996[S]. 1996.
	State Environmental Protection Administration. Guidelines for the administration of radiation environmental protection - Me-thods and standards for environmental impact assessment of electromagnetic radiation:HJ/T 10.3-1996[S]. 1996.
[6]	国家环境保护局. 辐射环境保护管理导则—电磁辐射监测仪器和方法评价方法与标准:HJ/T 10.2-1996[S]. 1996.
	State Environmental Protection Administration. Guidelines for the administration of radiation environmental protection - eval-uation methods and standards for electromagnetic radiation monitoring instruments and methods:HJ/T 10.2-1996[S]. 1996.
[7]	世界卫生组织. 基台和无线电技术[R]. 2006.
	World Health Organization . Base station and radiotechnolo-gy[R]. 2006.

设备类型典型发射功率	典型天线增益	典型部署场景	设备与公众距离
AAU100～200 W	22～25 dBi	室外宏基站	一般100～500 m
RRU80～200 W	15～17 dBi	室外高杆站（电线杆）	一般20～200 m
小型RRU20～80 W	约11 dBi	低矮杆站（路灯杆）、路边站（电话亭等）	一般5～100 m
pRRU0.5～2 W	约5 dBi	室内分布	一般2～20 m

频率范围	电场强度E/(V.m^-1)	等效平面波功率密度S_eq/(W.m^-2)
30～3 000 MHz	12	0.4
3 000～15 000 MHz	0.22f^1/2	f/7 500
注：1.频率 f 的单位为所在行中第一栏的单位。
2.0.1 MHz～300 GHz 频率，场量参数是任意连续6 min内的方均根值。

运营商	频段/MHz	带宽/MHz	功率密度限值/(W.m^-2)	电场强度限值/(V.m^-1)
中国移动	2 515～2 675	160	0.4	12
	4 800～4 900	100	0.64	15.242
中国电信	3 400～3 500	100	0.453	12.82
中国联通	3 500～3 600	100	0.467	13.015
中国广电	703～743/758～798	40×2	0.4	12
中国电信、中国联通共建共享	3 300～3 400	100	0.44	12.638

	发射功率/W		0.5	1	1.5	2
无吊顶阻挡		安全距离/m	0.434	0.614	0.753	0.869
		最低安装高度/m	2.134	2.314	2.453	2.569
有吊顶阻挡		安全距离/m	0.217	0.307	0.376	0.434
		最低安装高度/m	1.917	2.007	2.076	2.134

地面与天线水平距离（天线正对方向）	约5 m	约10 m	约15 m
功率密度/(W.m^-2) 　　　　　实测值	0.085	0.061	0.007