大规模MIMO信道测量与建模综述

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2021067

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

归纳了国内外已开展的大规模多天线协作通信系统的无线信道测量活动，总结了国际标准化机构关于大规模多天线无线信道的相关提案和候选模型，分析了大规模多天线无线信道在实际测量环境中的传播特性，基于实际测量的问题，讨论了传统的建模方法以及基于大数据理论和人工智能理论的大规模多天线无线信道建模方法，最后提出了未来的研究方向。

关键词: 大规模多天线, 无线信道, 信道测量, 信道建模

Abstract:

The conducted measurement campaigns at home and abroad were presented.Meanwhile, proposals and standard channel models from the international standardization organization were reviewed.The propagation characteristics of massive MIMO wireless channels were investigated based on the indoor and outdoor measurements.Moreover, the traditional and novel methods of channel modeling were analyzed.Finally, open research issues were presented.

Key words: massive MIMO, wireless channel, channel measurement, channel modeling

中图分类号:

TN929

卢艳萍, 刘留, 付丽琴, 邱佳慧, 刘凯. 大规模MIMO信道测量与建模综述[J]. 电信科学, 2021, 37(4): 14-27.

Yanping LU, Liu LIU, Liqin FU, Jiahui QIU, Kai LIU. A survey of massive MIMO channel measurement and model[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2021, 37(4): 14-27.

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流量密度	连接数	时延	移动性	能效	用户体验速率	频谱效率	峰值速率
10 Tbit/(s.km²)	1 Mbit/(s.km²)	1 ms	500 km/h	100倍（相对4G）	0.1～1 Gbit/s	3倍（相对4G）	20 Gbit/s

天线阵列	场景	测量频段	研究点	关注点	参考文献
128×32阵元ULA/UCA	Umi; InH	2.6 GHz	信道容量，奇异值，簇数，簇增益	信道正交性	[2-4]
128×16阵元ULA	Umi; InH	2.6 GHz	信道容量	频谱效率	[5-6]
64×1阵元ULA	Umi	3.3 GHz	角度功率谱，角度扩展	信道非平稳性	[7-8]
128×2阵元ULA	Umi	1.472 5 GHz	多径时延功率分布	信道非平稳	[9-10]
40阵元ULA	O2I	2.5 GHz	相关系数，K因子	信道相关性，频谱效率	[11-12]
24阵元UCA	InH	19.85 GHz	簇数	相关性	[13]
1×1	InH；Umi	28/73 GHz	大尺度快衰落	3D信道冲激响应	[14-15]
112阵元ULA	Umi	2.6 GHz	信道矩阵条件数	信道相关性	[16]
32～256阵元平面阵	Umi	3.5 GHz	簇可见区	多径生灭随机过程	[17-18]

信道模型	场景	特性	参数	参数模型	工作频段	参考文献
3GPP；TR 38.900/TR 38.901	Umi;Uma;InH;RMa	角度时延谱	簇数	12（LOS），19（NLOS）	0.5～100 GHz	[19-20]
			波数	20（LOS和NLOS）
METIS 2020	Umi; InH	基于地图的建模	散射体密度	可伸缩的随机模型	2~～100 GHz	[21-22]
mmMAGIC	Umi; nH	基于几何的随机模型;	簇内时延功率谱	频率相关模型	6～100 GHz	[23]
NYUSIM	Umi 2O;InH	空时不相干的几何随机模型	时延域簇分布	均匀分布，U[1,6]	高达70 GHz	[24-27]
			簇内多径分布	均匀分布，U[1,30]
IEEE802.11ad/ay	InH	射线跟踪	簇数	办公室场景：1（LOS）/17（NLOS）	60 GHz（覆盖<500 m）	[28]
			簇内多径到达率	泊松过程
QuaDRiGa （Fraunhofer）	LOS;NLOS	动态演进的几何随机模型	簇内多径	漂移模型	500 MHz～100 GHz	[29]

中心频率/GHz	带宽/MHz	码率/s	激励序列	码长	发射功率	基站天线数	接收天线数	天线类型
1.472 44.45	91100	91100	多载波信号	2 048	25 dBm	128	1	全向天线

	峰值速率	典型应用场景	天线数	单次测量数据量/MB
2G	144/384 kbit/s	3（宏小区、微小区、室内场景）	1	6
3G	2 Mbit/s	3（宏小区、微小区、室内场景）	1	30
4G	20/100 Mbit/s	4（宏小区、微小区、微微小区、室内场景）	8	1 600
5G	10 Gbit/s	>10（密集住宅、办公室、商场、体育场馆、露天集会、高铁、火车站等）	>128	>6 400 000