Current Issue

20 April 2022, Volume 38 Issue 4

Previous Issue    Next Issue

Topic: Satellite Network

Thoughts on the rapid formation of China’s space-ground integrated communication operation capability

Lingcai YANG

2022, 38(4):  1-10.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022066

Asbtract ( 297 )   HTML ( 67)   PDF (1470KB) ( 411 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

The space-ground integrated communication network is an essential part of the intelligent and comprehensive digital information infrastructure.It is of great significance to accelerate the formation of China’s space-ground integrated communication operation capability.Firstly, the domestic and overseas research status of the space-ground integrated communication capability, as well as the gap from industrial application was analyzed.Then, a space-ground cloud network integration capability system based on the hub port was proposed, and the phased evolution route of space-ground integrated communication operation of “business integration, user integration, terminal integration, cloud-network integration, and whole-system integration” was also proposed.Finally, the key technologies that need to be broken through were proposed in order to form the space-ground integrated communication operation ability, such as unified user authentication, multi-mode and multi-frequency intelligent terminal, network intelligent management, unified resource scheduling and so on.

Research on the architecture of space-ground integrated information network: integration of communication, networking and computing

Zhigang YU, Xu FENG, Zhaoxiang HUANG, Zhou LU

2022, 38(4):  11-29.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022079

Asbtract ( 645 )   HTML ( 97)   PDF (3362KB) ( 910 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

With the continuous expansion of human activities from the terrestrial to the ocean and space, the countries all over the world have advanced the layout of space-ground integrated information network to provide seamless coverage and ubiquitous connection services.Space-ground integrated information network is the deep integration of space network and terrestrial network, not the expansion of terrestrial network to space environment.Starting from the perspective of integration, firstly the development status, existing problems and challenges of the internet, public land mobile network (PLMN), and space networks were sorted out.Secondly, the research status of the space-ground integrated information network architecture and the development trend of the new network architecture such as cloudification and intelligence was summarized.Thirdly, a communication-networking-computing integrated space-ground integrated information network architecture was proposed from different dimensions: physical architecture, functional architecture (including the integrated communication system, the integrated network system and the integrated information system), physical-functional architecture mapping problem.Finally, the network architecture optimization problem was modeled as a multi-objective optimization problem.It was expected to provide valuable suggestions and references for the research, construction and standardization of space-ground integrated information network.

Research on a routing task planning algorithm for LEO remote sensing constellation

Xing QI, Zhen LIU, Jiahui LIANG, Qiming ZHAO, Chang LIU

2022, 38(4):  30-38.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022076

Asbtract ( 228 )   HTML ( 22)   PDF (1088KB) ( 279 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to solve the problem of poor timeliness of data transmission in remote sensing constellation, the inter-satellite link network and a routing task planning algorithm suitable for inter-satellite network with intermittent burst characteristics was proposed.Driven by the results of remote sensing satellite imaging task planning, combined with the time-varying characteristics of satellite network topology, the algorithm improved the topology division method based on snapshot sequence to reduce the frequency of route switching and the cost of link switching.The routing between satellite and ground station was regarded as a part of the routing of LEO remote sensing constellation.While selecting the shortest routing path between satellite and the ground, the duration of satellite-ground link was maximized.The simulation results show that the algorithm can significantly improve the data transmission capability of the low-orbit remote sensing satellite constellation.

User group based multi-satellite handover strategy for LEO satellite networks

Hongtao ZHU, Qing GUO

2022, 38(4):  39-48.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022078

Asbtract ( 303 )   HTML ( 44)   PDF (1358KB) ( 347 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

LEO satellite network plays an important role in global communication in the future mobile communication.In large-scale LEO satellite networks, frequent concurrent handoffs by a large number of users will reduce the handover success rate and increase the signaling overhead.In order to solve this problem, a multi satellite handover strategy based on user group for LEO satellite networks was proposed.When triggering the handover, the user will send the candidate handover satellites that meet its own communication needs to the access satellite.The access satellite groups users considered the conditions of user handover success rate, satellite throughput rate and satellite load balancing to complete the whole handover process.A signaling interaction process of handover strategy based on user group was designed, and the signaling overhead of group handover was analyzed.The simulation results show that the multi-satellite handover strategy of LEO satellite network based on user group can effectively reduce the transmission of network repeated signaling and reduce the system signaling overhead.At the same time, it can effectively improve the user handover success rate and satellite throughput, and balance the satellite network load.

Research on power flux-density at the earth’s surface produced by emissions from the steerable beam of LEO constellation system

Ying HUANG, Wei LI, Chen JIAN, Kang YAN

2022, 38(4):  49-58.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022073

Asbtract ( 234 )   HTML ( 20)   PDF (916KB) ( 367 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

The power flux-density (PFD) is an interference criterion for protecting terrestrial service systems from space service systems.A calculation method on the PFD produced by the emissions from the steerable beam of low earth orbit (LEO) constellation system was given, and thus a compliance determination algorithm of the limits of PFD under specific steering angle was presented.On this basis, a compliance determination algorithm of the limits of PFD based on elevation traversal was proposed.Combined with the characteristics of LEO constellation system, the conditions to simplify the calculation of maximum PFD of steerable beam were demonstrated.Taking the Starlink system as the typical scenario, the PFD produced by the gateway beam was analyzed, and the correctness of the proposed method was verified by comparison with the results published by SpaceX.The results showed that the PFD of the gateway beam of the Starlink system in Ka frequency band atelevations below 20° exceeded the limits given in Radio Regulations.

Study on remote sensing satellites random access to internet constellation and on-orbit intelligent processing

Xiaoyu CHANG, Weijia ZHANG, Xudong1 LI, Xiaonan ZHANG, Gang WANG, Gang JIA

2022, 38(4):  59-69.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022075

Asbtract ( 272 )   HTML ( 21)   PDF (5961KB) ( 405 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

The low earth orbit (LEO) satellite Internet constellation is a hot spot in current global research.And it is highly anticipated that the LEO satellite Internet constellation supports random access to remote sensing satellites and direct on-orbit information processing.However, due to the different orbital heights, the difficult access problems of the bidirectional highly dynamic heterogeneous constellation will be caused.Firstly, the random access scenario under different orbit characteristics and satellite numbers of LEO satellite Internet constellation was set up, and the impact of the spatiotemporal discontinuous visibility and Doppler frequency shift on the remote sensing satellite access performance was focused on.Secondly, based on the characteristics of the random access scenario, the process of on-orbit processing tasks with different delays and the allocation of satellite-ground functions were analyzed.Finally, the problems existing in the current on-orbit intelligent processing algorithm and the focus of future research were expounded, so as to provide reliable theoretical support for the development and applications of LEO satellite Internet constellation and remote sensing satellites in the future.

Analysis on the coverage performance and networking scheme of an MEO constellation

Yanbin ZHAO, Renning WANG, Peipei HU

2022, 38(4):  70-76.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022068

Asbtract ( 271 )   HTML ( 19)   PDF (1093KB) ( 249 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite orbit position resources have been scarce for a long time.The development of giant low-orbit satellite constellations has made the low-orbit resources unprecedentedly scarce.As a compromise between GEO and low earth orbit (LEO) constellations, the medium earth orbit (MEO) constellation will surely become a battle field for all countries.Referring to various MEO constellations in the world and our national conditions, a (6+4) MEO constellation was proposed.STK (Satellite Tool Kit) was used to simulate and analyze the constellation coverage performance, inter-satellite link characteristics, gateway site selection and coverage performance.Inter-orbit communication was realized through ground station relay, effectively avoiding various problems through inter-satellite links.The system was more simple and steady.It's much valuable in strategy in the circumstance of global low-orbit resources scarce.

Generalized approximate message passing based SrCMA satellite receiver

Le YU, Lidong ZHU, Liang JIN, Jiali LI, Yilun LIU, Cheng GUO

2022, 38(4):  77-89.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022077

Asbtract ( 150 )   HTML ( 10)   PDF (986KB) ( 127 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In order to satisfy the requirements of the transmission rate and spectrum resource for various terminals and equipment in the satellite internet, a generalized approximation-based message passing optimization satellite receiver was designed.Considering the multi-user detection in the satellite network using the non-orthogonal multiple access, a factor graph was established based on the graph model, and the factor graph was used to analyze the message passing model of the system and a message passing algorithm was proposed.Based on the generalized approximate message passing method, the complexity of the traditional multi-user detector based on message passing was further reduced.Under satellite channel condition, generalized approximate messaging satellite receivers were studied.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively solve the signal coexistence problem of multi-users, and reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm.

Research and Development

Calculation method of information dissemination based on information entropy in public internet

Panpan LI, Zhengxia XIE, Zengkai WANG, Rui JIN

2022, 38(4):  90-100.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022026

Asbtract ( 209 )   HTML ( 20)   PDF (908KB) ( 240 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

A method of how to calculate the influence of information dissemination based on the maximum entropy theory was presented, which aimed at evaluating the impacts of the information dissemination in the open internet environment.Firstly, the influential factors of the information dissemination were analyzed.Then, the factors that have high correlation with the calculation of information dissemination were selected by the principle of “Occam’s Razor”, based on Shannon's information entropy theory.Finally, the method of computing the influence of information dissemination was proposed based on the information entropy theory.The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated by the experiments of analyzing the influence of the information dissemination of academic paper citations and hot public opinion events.The experiments show that the proposed method is of great significance for investigating the influence of information dissemination and the extent of impacts on the audience as well as the trends of information evolution in the open internet environment.

Dynamic scheduling method of service function chain executors based on the mimic defense architecture

Chuanhuang LI, Jingjing TANG, Yangting CHEN, Rui LEI, Chao CHEN, Weiming WANG

2022, 38(4):  101-112.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022070

Asbtract ( 180 )   HTML ( 20)   PDF (1303KB) ( 344 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Faced with the problem that static and lagging traditional defense technologies cannot effectively deal with new network attacks, according to the theory of mimetic security defense, a defense architecture of mimic service function chain (MSFC) based on the data forwarding level was proposed, and an execution dynamic scheduling method based on the decision feedback was further proposed.The method took the abnormal executor information fed back by the decision maker, the heterogeneity of executors and the actual load of the system as the scheduling influencing factors, so that the scheduling method can be adjusted adaptively according to the actual changes of the network.In addition, the scheduling method used decision feedback to adjust the scheduling time, so as to achieve the best balance between system cost and security, and reduce the resource overhead of the system.Simulation results showed that the scheduling method can select a set of highly heterogeneous actuators that better meet the current network requirements on the basis of balancing the system cost and security, so as to improve the security and reliability of the system.

Performance analysis of mixed FSO-RF transmission in UAV relay communication systems

Su XU, Ji ZHANG, Yanghua DIAO, Yuanying LIU, Yi ZHANG

2022, 38(4):  113-120.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022072

Asbtract ( 148 )   HTML ( 15)   PDF (923KB) ( 143 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

A mixed free space optical (FSO)-radio frequency (RF) transmission was studied in the multiuser unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-aided terrestrial network.Specifically, a novel beamforming (BF) scheme was proposed based on the available statistical channel state information (CSI), and the outage performance of the considered system was analyzed.In this mixed framework, the link between the base station and the UAV employs the FSO technology, while aerial-terrestrial links use RF technology.To achieve the space division multiple access (SDMA) in RF links.First of all, the available statistical CSI was proposed, and a novel beamforming (BF) scheme was proposed to suppress the inter-user interference so that all the users can be served simultaneously.Then, based on the assumption that the FSO and RF links follow the Gamma-Gamma fading and Nakgami-m fading respectively, an analytical expression was derived for the outage probability (OP) of the considered system.Furthermore, the asymptotical OP expression in high signal-to-noise ratio regime was presented to evaluate the achievable diversity order.Finally, numerical results were given to confirm the validity of our theoretical analysis and the superiority of the proposed scheme.

Comparative study of power analysis attacks based on template and KNN algorithm

Jifang JIN, Chengyuan LIU, Xiaohong FAN, Xiaoyi DUAN, Jiayu LIU

2022, 38(4):  121-129.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022080

Asbtract ( 184 )   HTML ( 16)   PDF (1585KB) ( 214 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Power analysis attack is still the most threatening type of side channel attack on cryptographic hardware.The template analysis attack with the attack of KNN algorithm was compared.Firstly, three dimensionality reduction methods of Pearson correlation coefficient, mutual information and maximum information coefficient and distance correlation coefficient were studied.Then, the effects of the number of feature points on the attack success rate of the two power analysis attacks under the same number of power consumption curves were compared.At the same time, the effects of different dimensionality reduction techniques on the two power analysis attacks when the number of power curves is the same and different.The results show that the template attack is better than the KNN algorithm attack in running speed, memory occupation and robustness, and the KNN algorithm attack has better performance in attack success rate.

Analysis and avoidance method of 5G atmospheric duct interference

Tinglan WANG, Xingzheng LI, Yimin ZUO, Dongchen ZHANG

2022, 38(4):  130-137.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022067

Asbtract ( 433 )   HTML ( 17)   PDF (1208KB) ( 438 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Atmospheric duct effects can produce the remote interference, which will lead to serious problems of the network degradation.Firstly, a detailed analysis of the causes of 5G atmospheric duct interference was achieved through the system principle analysis.Then, a 5G atmospheric duct interference waveform identification algorithm was proposed.Finally, from the aspects of time domain, frequency, air domain, parameter configuration, etc., the avoidance and adjustment method of atmospheric duct interfered cells was proposed.The impact of the atmospheric duct interference is reduced and the quality of 5G networks is ensures.

Engineering and Application

Study on digital twins in network lifecycle management

Da WANG, Tao SUN, Xiaowen SUN, Jianchao GUO, Jie SUN, Guo CHEN, Aidong YANG, Ye OUYANG

2022, 38(4):  138-145.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022063

Asbtract ( 509 )   HTML ( 90)   PDF (665KB) ( 1149 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

As consumers’ demands for mobile services have become more abundant and diversified, the architecture and functions of mobile network have become more complex.With the development of 5G technology, 5G mobile network could realize on-demand orchestration and flexible exposure of network capabilities, which made higher requirements for network lifecycle management.Digital twins technology could be used to assist the network lifecycle management, so as to improve the network management quality, reduce network risks and costs, and achieve the visual perception and the real-time closed-loop control.The network digital twin platform and application cases show that the proposed network digital twins platform can realize visual monitoring and analysis of mobile network operation key performance indicators and quickly diagnosis of network faults.

Multi-access, wireless and wired convergence architecture evolution and traffic scheduling mechanism

Shufeng SHI, Youyang YU

2022, 38(4):  146-155.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022057

Asbtract ( 404 )   HTML ( 75)   PDF (831KB) ( 610 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

In 3GPP Rel-16, 3GPP 5G network architecture defines the wireless and wired converged architecture, that is, fixed and mobile converged network architecture, focusing on multiple valuable scenarios of this converged architecture, where the wired and wireless hybrid access scenario attracts much attention.The standard defines the multi-access traffic scheduling mechanism in this scenario.It was discussed in detail, including basic multi-access traffic scheduling mechanisms, enhanced the traffic splitting per packet mechanisms for UDP and Ethernet traffic flows for 5G-Advanced networks, and a new redundant transmission modes.In addition, 4G and 5G interworking scenarios were extended to support hybrid network traffic scheduling for 3GPP access to 5GC and non-3GPP access to EPC.

Study on the architecture enhancement and migration for the next generation of the multimedia real time communication system

Yi JIANG, Yue ZHOU, Xueqian BAI, Bin WU, Chen LIU, Jianyin ZHANG

2022, 38(4):  156-166.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022048

Asbtract ( 430 )   HTML ( 100)   PDF (1501KB) ( 408 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

With the development of 5G and 5G-Advanced network, multimedia real time communications were migrating towards the trends of super high definition, enhanced interaction, immersion and openness, which requires enhancements on the architecture and capability of legacy IMS based multimedia real time communication system.The enhancement technologies of the multimedia real time communication system was studied and accordingly was proposed.By defining an“IMS network” based interactive data channel, a service-based unified media control architecture and procedures of third party identity on top of IMS network were proposed, to better fulfill the diverse and immersive service experiences for personal and vertical users.A new design of the real time communication system architecture was proposed, which enabled simpler, more flexible and more open mechanisms of the session control, session routing, media management, service invoking and combination.

Network energy saving technologies for green 5G

Lei GUAN, Yang DING, Ruijie LI, Tong SU, Lijie HU, Yi WANG, Nan HU

2022, 38(4):  167-174.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2022054

Asbtract ( 618 )   HTML ( 139)   PDF (561KB) ( 475 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Based on the background of low carbon consumption and the network energy saving topic, deep investigation for the network energy occupancy ratio was performed, and finally the target was set on the energy reduction for the antenna unit of base station.In addition, based on the base station power consumption model and the evaluation methodology considering the tradeoff between energy efficiency and system performance, a set of technical directions for network energy saving were introduced and analyzed, including time domain shutdown, spatial channel shutdown, frequency domain extension and power back off.Evaluation results were provided to show the space for the above energy saving techniques.Furthermore, other dimensions were also considered, including multi-site networking based energy saving, assistance information based energy saving and PA efficiency enhancements.