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20 October 2015, Volume 31 Issue 10

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Operating technology wide-angle

Detection and Control Technology of Distributed DNS Reflective DDoS Attack

Zhiqiang Luo,Jun Shen,Huamin Jin

2015, 31(10):  1-196.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015270

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Distributed DNS reflective DDoS attack has become one of the main forms of denial of service attacks，and traditional security technology based on network traffic analysis and network traffic control technology can’t meet the needs of protection.Detection technology of DNS reflection attack based on time to live （TTL）value intelligent judgments was proposed，and the detection technology can accurately detect spoofed source IP address of the packet.The control technology based on multi system fusion can block attack traffic flow into the network in the source.

Optical communication and Optoelectronics

Silicon-Based-Chip Multiplexing Technologies and Devices

Daoxin Dai,Jian Wang,Sitao Chen

2015, 31(10):  9-21.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015281

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As the demands of the data communications increase quickly for the applications of cloud-computing as well as data centers，optical interconnects have been very attractive because of the unique advantages on the aspects of low power consumption，high speed and large bandwidth.It is effective to enhance the link capacity by utilizing multiplexing technologies like wavelength-division-multiplexing（WDM），polarization-division-multiplexing（PDM），as well as mode-division-multiplexing（MDM）.It will become very useful when these multiplexing technologies are combined to work together as a hybrid multiplexing technology.Definitely the multiplexer is one of the most important devices for a multiplexed optical interconnect link.A review for the recent progress of ultracompact on-chip multiplexers was given，including WDM devices，PDM devices，MDM devices，and hybrid multiplexers.

Recent Progress of Silicon Photonics for Middle-Infrared Application

Haowen Shu,Zhaotang Su,Xingjun Wang,Zhiping Zhou

2015, 31(10):  22-35.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015274

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“Capacity Crunch”in NIR field needs to be forestalled since the pressure of information transmission，processing and storage is continually growing.Silicon photonics，with compatibility of CMOS，compact structure and low fabrication cost，shows its superiority in the field of mid-IR transmission and signal processing.Thus a lead forward is excepted to be realized in large-scale integration of mid-IR devices and nonlinear optical and other field.The strengths and challenge of silicon photonics in mid-IR application were estimated firstly.Then some“building block”components of silicon photonics in mid-IR（waveguides，beam splitter/combiner，diode，etc）were introduced.Achievements of devices （nonlinear optical devices based on FWM，frequency comb in sensing field and laser，modulator，detector in communication field）within the last five years were presented.Finally，the conclusion was made for recent research progress.

Analog Signal Processing Based on Silicon-Photonics and Its Application in Microwave Photonic Frontend

Minghua Chen,Hongchen Yu,Jingjing Wang,Hongwei Chen,Shizhong Xie

2015, 31(10):  36-48.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015283

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Signal processors are one of the significant elements in microwave photonic frontends，which determines the working ability of the entire system in many aspects.The silicon-photonics-based signal processors are especially attractive for their compact size and wonderful performance.The development of silicon-photonics-based signal processing for microwave photonic frontends was reviewed.

100 Tbit/s Optical Transmission Technology on Single Mode Fiber

Ming Luo,Zhixue He,Rong Hu,Wu Liu,Qi Yang,Shaohua Yu

2015, 31(10):  49-56.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015272

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With the rapid development of the information society，the demand for the transmission capacity of the backbone network is becoming more and more urgent.Firstly，the background of 100 Tbit/s optical transmission technology on single mode fiber（SMF）was introduced.Then some large capacity optical transmission experiments on SMF in recent years were compared.Next，the technical route of 100 Tbit/s optical transmission system on SMF was analyzed，and it was focused on the system experiment of C and L band 100.2 Tbit/s dual polarization DFT-S 128QAM OFDM signal transmission over 80 km G.652 fiber which was first in China.Finally，research foreground of 100 Tbit/s optical transmission technology on SMF was prospected.

Optical Access Network Evolution Trends：Software Defined Optical Access Network

Rentao Gu

2015, 31(10):  57-65.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015271

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The rapid growth of new services and emerging network scenarios has serious impact on the existing network infrastructure，and it is an inevitable trend to build a new，high-speed and efficient access network architecture.The challenges faced by the existing network were analyzed，and it was pointed out that high-speed broadband access，efficient resource utilization，support for heterogeneous resource control would be future trends in the evolution of optical access networks.Then the access network development was recalled，the overall architecture of software-defined optical access network was described，SDN idea and OLT pooling technology were introduced into optical access network，and the major key technologies were analyzed，including the flexible programmable optical layer techniques，fine flow table forwarding，control layer virtualization，and etc.Several typical application scenarios suitable for software-defined optical access network were also presented.All of these indicate that the research and development on software-defined optical access network will meet current challenges and ultimately be helpful to achieve the end-to-end flexible control in the entire network.

research and development

Differential Game-Based Optimal Control Method for Preventing Malware Propagation in Online Social Network

Shigen Shen,Longjun Huang,Keli Hu,Hongjie Li,Risheng Han,Qiying Cao

2015, 31(10):  66-73.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015215

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Online social network（OSN）is prone to propagating malware because of their special characteristics.By developing traditional epidemic theory and considering effort intensities of the defender and malware，a differential-equation model to suitably describe characteristics of OSN malware was proposed.Using the differential game，a malware-defense game was constructed to reflect interactions between the defender and malware.Thus，optimal dynamic control strategies for the defender were given when the malware dynamically changed its optimal control strategies.Numerical experiments show that the proposed method is obviously able to suppress the malware propagation.Therefore，a novel way to defend OSN malware was provided.

IPv6 Dynamic Address Tunnel Model Based on the Sliding Address Window

Zichuan Ma,Xiaohong Huang,Shen Yan,Pei Zhang

2015, 31(10):  74-81.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015231

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IPv6 network address hopping transmission technology can effectively prevent network attacks through traffic analysis.On the basis of the study of some related technologies，the concept of dynamic address chain was applied to the IPv6 network address hopping transmission technology and an IPv6 dynamic address tunnel model based on the sliding address window was proposed.The testing result and analysis show that the model can achieve the design goals.

A Simulation Accelerating Method Based on CUDA with Kepler GPU

Bingjun Han,Shiming Huang,Ying Du

2015, 31(10):  82-88.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015248

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An accelerating method based on CUDA（compute unified device architecture）with Kepler GPU（graphics processing unit）was proposed to speed up the DFT（discrete Fourier transform）processing in the communication simulation platform.Based on this method，the whole DFT processing was split into subtasks named molecular-subtasks corresponding to communication links and a molecular-subtask was further split into smaller parallel subtasks named atomic-subtasks which correspond to the DFT processing in a link.Then，the atomic-subtasks were processed in parallel by the threads in a GPU kernel function，as well as the molecular-subtasks were processed in parallel via several GPU kernel functions to shorter the simulation time.Simulation results show this method can speed up the DFT processing more than 300 times compared with single thread CPU program and 3 times compared with traditional GPU program.

Supervision System of Communication Project Procurement

Youli Huang

2015, 31(10):  89-92.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015275

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Communication engineering procurement is one of the largest risks in the communication engineering construction.Combining working practice，the main risk points in communication engineering procurement were analyzed，and the difficulties in communication engineering procurement supervision were also proposed.Based on the theoretical model of the risk prevention and control，the process supervision and risk prevention and control mechanism of communication engineering procurement were studied.

Network Optimization Algorithm Based on Power Control and Channel Assignment

Yue Liu,Xiaolei Guo,Xun Zhang

2015, 31(10):  93-98.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015260

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WLAN has been massively deployed in various places.However，the poor user perception of network quality，or even dropping line，unable to connect to the network and other issues.For this case，a network optimization algorithm based on power control and channel assignment was proposed.The algorithm uses the method of power control and channel assignment to optimize the WLAN in a specific range，maximize the effective bandwidth of WLAN，and ensure the balance of network load at the same time.Simulation experiments show that the network optimization algorithm of the power control and channel assignment has achieved the aim of improving network performance.

A Forward-Secure Digital Signature Based on Elliptic Curve

Huiyan Chen,Yong Yuan,Zongjie Wan,Le Liu,Yi Yang

2015, 31(10):  99-102.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015202

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The forward-secure digital signature is an important digital signature scheme.It requires that even if the attackers have already been given a signature key by invading a system in t time，it still can’t forge signatures before time t.In other words，the forward-secure digital signature provides an assurance that any signatures in the previous periods are still valid before the key compromises.Based on the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem and the factoring problem，a forward-secure digital signature scheme was put forward，and the safety and efficiency of the program was analyzed and proved systematically.

A Precoding Algorithm Based on Max-SNR in Massive MIMO System

Yuhua Wu

2015, 31(10):  103-106.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015250

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In order to obtain higher data transmission speed and greater array gain，a precoding algorithm based on max-SNR in massive MIMO system was proposed.The basic method of this algorithm was following.Firstly，the base station obtained MMSE channel estimation by received uplink pilot sequences，then the base station transmited downlink data to users after precoding.Terminal users derived the optimal precoding matrix by resolving a Rayleigh entropy optimization problem based on the received SNR.Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better than SVD algorithm，especially when the number of transmit antennas is large，the proposed algorithm is valuable in massive MIMO systems in the future.

Internet business

Collaborative Recommendation for Online Social Networks Based on User Behavior Cognitive

Jin Qi,Bin Xu,Xiaoxuan Hu,Bianjia Xu,Xinglin Xiao

2015, 31(10):  108-114.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015273

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Recently，online social network（OSN）has become essential tools for information sharing and communication in people’s work and life.How to cognitive massive，complex，large-area and spatiotemporal association user behavior information and provide personalized re1commendation services have become problems need special attention in development of OSN.Thus，a frame of collaborative recommendation for OSN based on user behavior cognitive was proposed which used collaborative filtering algorithm to provide personalized recommendation services on the basis of analysis of behavior of user characteristics，text information and interest preferences，etc.Experimental results verify that the proposed collaborative recommendation strategy based on user behavior cognitive has good stability and actual application effect.

A Novel Music Recommendation Method Combining Music Sub-Personality and Social Network Behavior Analysis

Chunhua Ju,Zhiyi Huang,Fuguang Bao

2015, 31(10):  115-123.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015240

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In order to recommend music conforming to the people’s sentiment state in real time，a novel music recommendation method combining music sub-personality and social network behavior analysis was proposed.Through sentiment analysis of the users’ words and sentences which was released on Weibo and other social network，the method calculated the users’ music preference in a sentiment state，the most suitable music was recommend to users in that sentiment state.Experimental results show that the proposed method can alleviate the effect of user data sparsity on the recommendation results.

Application of Interactive Multi-Biometrics Recognition on E-Commerce

Ling Tan,Lu Zhang

2015, 31(10):  124-129.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015277

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An interactive multi-biometrics recognition method was proposed，and its application on e-commerce was researched from third-party payment platform.For our interactive multi-biometrics recognition，the identification of users was accomplished with the recognition of multi-biometrics features like nose，ear，and finger-knuckle-print.Payment confirmation and signature were achieved with interactive face scan and fingerprint identification.A frame of third party payment platform was designed，based on which a simple and light-weighted pre-authentication layered model for online payment was established.This model can well guarantee security and reliability of payers，sellers，and banks，simplify the process of payment for users as well.

Design and Implementation of the New Ticketing Application System with High-Concurrency Supported

Ke Lin,Xuan Luo,Ling Li,Yu Li

2015, 31(10):  130-136.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015278

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Ticketing application based on mobile internet service is an advanced branch of electronic commerce rising in recent years.It aims to provide convenient services to the user such as query，seat selection，ticket booking，payment and collection.The system performance bottleneck of such services during the high concurrent process was focused on.A new kind of ticketing application system was proposed，which reduced the accessing impact and the business pressure to the native ticketing system.

Information System Construction and Application of the Standardized Test Center Based on Internet

Lu Zhang,Ping Li,Shiping Jin,Chun Jing

2015, 31(10):  137-143.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015280

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Based on the construction of internet information system，the basic specification of the standardized test center was studied and a set of comprehensive business requirements including monitoring，communication，audio，video and education examination management technology was proposed.The standardized test center design principles were analyzed and developed，according to the designed business function module，the composition，the system overall structure and the application system.The technology implementation scheme including on-line inspection system，video conference system，cheating prevention and control system，identity authentication system and display system were given.Finally，the integration and connection of internet and the educational research network in China were analyzed，and the other entry way when the condition was unavailable.

Operating technology wide-angle

Tenant-Oriented Customized VM Networking Technology

Zirui Zhuang,Jingyu Wang,Tong Xu

2015, 31(10):  144-150.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015267

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A tenant-oriented customized virtual machine networking system was designed and implemented based on OpenStack.By utilizing metadata definition and template based collaboration，the system implemented automated deployment and control of cloud infrastructures.Features such as unified graphical and draggable tenant interfaces，customized virtual machine networking orchestration，dynamic and batch resource configuration，quality of service control on network interfaces，and a connectivity based optimized mapping algorithm were included.The system provided users ability to configure networks，so that users can manage to conduct virtual machine networking swiftly and without knowledge of underlying technical details.It contributed to reduction of overall virtual networking latency，high efficiency matching of resources and increase in resource utilization.

SDN Technology and Industry Analysis and Strategy Recommendations for Telecom Operator

Yongbing Fan,Zhilan Huang

2015, 31(10):  151-157.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015279

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Software defined networking（SDN）proposed a new concept of network design，which emphasized the separation of network control plane and forwarding plane.It made network architecture more open and encourage network innovation.The basic concept and characteristics of SDN were introduced，the SDN core technology and its industry development status were analyzed，the influence of SDN on the future network from the perspective of operators was discussed，and the corresponding application suggestions were given.

Influence of Mobile Internet Services on Base Station Energy Consumption

Wenwen Li,Sen Bian,AunChan Chien,Zecai Shao

2015, 31(10):  158-164.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015253

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Rapid growth in mobile internet service has broughtsignificant challenges to the mobile operators in terms of network resource utilization and energy consumption.The relationship between mobile services’ characteristics and its impact on network energy consumption is still unclear.In order to accurately assess the impact of mobile serviceson network resourcesand the resulting energy consumption of mobile network equipment，the physical layer resources requirements for various mobile services was measured，and then an improved four-step“Quadratic Linear Mapping”modeling methodology was proposed.11 types of typical services were quantitatively evaluated in terms of network resources and the resulting network energy consumed by data and signaling traffic.The proposed methodology provided a foundational model for mobile operators to develop optimization techniques to reduce the overall energy consumption of provisioning mobile internet services.

Steam Computing Analysis and Application on Operator Real-time Signal Big Data Processing

Bin Dong,Di Yang,Zheng Wang,Wenhong Zhou

2015, 31(10):  165-171.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015212

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Big data platform based on the Hadoop structures using offline batch processing mode，unable to meet the service requirements for data timeliness.In order to solve the real-time signal processing requirements in operator OIDD（open information of dynamic data）big data platform，the big-data system components of stream computing were discussed，real-time data collecting，distribution and processing components which formed the end-to-end real-time signal processing big data technology solutions were recommended，and the solutions of the OIDD big data platform which integrated batch computing and stream computing were proposed.It will improve the timeliness of the network signaling data and provide more space for business innovation and bring more benefits.

Automatic Deployment Solution for Internet Business Platform Based on Open-Source PaaS

Zhenwei He,Liyun Yan,Huiyun Li,Ling Zhang,Gang Lu

2015, 31(10):  172-179.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015259

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Starting with the deployment architecture and deployment requirements of internet business platform in cloud environments，the deployment solution of the rising up open-source PaaS platform was analyzed，such as Docker and Cloudify.An open-source based automatic deployment solution was proposed for internet business platform with full-stack and full-flow support，which simplify the deployment of complex internet business platform.

Prototype Development and Demonstration of Hierarchical Software-Defined Optical Network

Ruiquan Jing,Chengliang Zhang

2015, 31(10):  180-185.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015246

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For OTN，a control mechanism for multi-domain optical networks with commercial OTN equipments by using hierarchical SDN controller was demonstrated.This experiment is the first demonstration of hierarchical control over multiple domain OTN equipments with extended OpenFlow protocol.This capability will be valuable for carriers providing end-to-end services in multi-vendor environment at the lowest cost with expected scale and performance.

Technology of WLAN in Operation Level Based on Metropolitan Area Network

Bo Gao,Yiming Pan,Guojin Huang

2015, 31(10):  192-196.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015268

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As an extension of the cable broadband network，WLAN is also an important part of the wireless broadband network.In recent years，local governments have put forward the construction of “wireless city”as the fifth city public infrastructure，China Telecom Co.Ltd.also put forward the WLAN construction as the forth basic network.These factors promoted the large-scale construction and development of WLAN.The construction goal and the network architecture of WLAN based on metropolitan area network were analyzed.The networking technologies and the security policy deployment of WLAN were proposed.

A Static Line Redundant Backup Method Based on Routing Switching Technology

Zheng Dong,Haijun Tang

2015, 31(10):  197-202.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015258

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To improve the quality and satisfaction of the government and enterprises network service，the Enterprise Customer Support Center of Nanjing Telecom considers the customer access equipment level，network management skills，customer demand and other factors，with the promotion of maintain service products as an opportunity，innovative created the redundancy methods of static broadband base on routing and switching technology and timely used in the service of the VIP customers，which greatly enhanced the reliability and stability of the network service of the government and enterprises customers.

Analysis of Data and Format for OTDR Integrated in Optical Module

Yuehua Ou,Yan Ren

2015, 31(10):  203-212.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2015224

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In order to satisfy the increasing optical testing requirements in PON，OTDR integrated in optical module is constantly developing.For the PON architecture based on OTDR integrated in optical module，the data transmission function and data analysis function of its OTDR relative interfaces were proposed，the OTDR data file structure and the OTDR data content were analyzed，and the data format of OTDR was defined.Therefore，the universal integrated OTDR data format can be realized.