低轨卫星通信系统波束成形算法

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2022015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

宽带卫星互联网的迅速发展使得卫星通信进入新纪元，大规模低轨卫星星座的建立使得频谱资源逐渐饱和，频率使用的高度重合导致各个卫星通信系统间存在严重的干扰问题。卫星载荷通常使用相控阵天线进行通信，通过收发端波束成形来降低系统干扰。在接收端采用自适应波束成形算法，通过自适应调零来抑制干扰；在发送端采用低旁瓣波束成形算法，通过对旁瓣施加特定的约束压低旁瓣电平来降低干扰。针对地面接收端和卫星发送端分别分析3种抗干扰波束成形算法，为降低卫星通信系统的干扰问题提供波束层面的方法。

关键词: 低轨卫星, 智能天线, 自适应波束成形, 低旁瓣波束成形

Abstract:

The rapid development of broadband satellite internet has brought satellite communication into a new era.The establishment of large-scale low-orbit satellite constellations has gradually saturated spectrum resources, and the high overlap in frequency use has led to serious interference problems between satellite communication systems.Satellite payloads typically communicate using phased-array antennas, which reduce interference by beamforming at the receiving and transmitting ends.The adaptive beamforming algorithm was used at the receiving end to suppressed interference by adaptive zeroing; The low sidelobe beamforming algorithm was used at the transmitting end, which reduced the interference by imposing specifi c constraints on the sidelobes to suppressed the sidelobe level.Three anti-jamming beamforming algorithms were introduced for the ground receiving end and the satellite sending end respectively, which provided a beamlevel method for reduced the interference between satellite communication systems.

Key words: LEO satellite, smart antenna, adaptive beamforming, low sidelobe beamforming

中图分类号:

TP393

王海旺, 黄晨光, 邹诚, 邵丰伟, 常家超, 李国通. 低轨卫星通信系统波束成形算法[J]. 天地一体化信息网络, 2022, 3(2): 3-11.

Haiwang WANG, Chenguang HUANG, Cheng ZOU, Fengwei SHAO, Jiachao CHANG, Guotong LI. Beamforming Algorithm of LEO Satellite Communication System[J]. Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks, 2022, 3(2): 3-11.

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算法	LMS	SMI	RLS
优点	结构简单、稳定性好	信干噪比改善能力好	收敛速度快、信干噪比大
缺点	收敛速度慢、信干噪比小	计算量大、复杂度高	稳定性差、复杂度较高
时间复杂度	O(M)	O(M³)	O(M²)
乘法次数	2M+1	M³/2+M²	3M²+3M
应用场景	雷达信号的跟踪	干扰源较少的场景	快速时变水声通信

算法	主瓣增益/dBi	主瓣宽度	辐射功率/dBw	离轴角22°相对衰减/dBi
CBF	11.96	6.4°	12.04	17.48
DC加权	11.37	8.0°	8.99	29.99
MVDR迭代	11.84	7.0°	10.92	28.42
SOCP规划	11.84	7.0°	10.92	28.48