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    20 December 2021, Volume 2 Issue 4
    Special Issue: 6G-Oriented Space-Integrated-Ground Information Network
    Research on Network Architecture for the Space-Integrated-Ground Information Network in 6G
    Hui XU, Shaohui SUN
    2021, 2(4):  2-9.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2021037
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    The requirements and the fl exible and reconfi gurable network architecture for the space-integrated-ground information network was proposed based on analyzed the 6G network vision and challenges faced by the space-integrated-ground information network.Based on the proposed network architecture, the intelligent network management and control architecture and the virtualization technology of the space-integrated-ground information network were proposed to realized the dynamic confi gurability of the network.

    Research on Architecture of LEO Satellite Internet of Things and Key Technologies
    Xiaojin DING, Tao HONG, Rui LIU, Wentao PENG, Gengxin ZHANG
    2021, 2(4):  10-18.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2021038
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    First, we analyzed the composition and demand characteristics of LEO satellite IoTs, and designed an architecture of LEO satellite IoTs.Second, to extracted characteristics of electromagnetic environment and channel, we studied electromagnetic environment and channel sensing methods through constructing neural network model.Then, we investigated an active terminal-identifi cation method for detecting active terminals.Finally, considered multiple-input multiple-output as the main approach to improved the capacity of terrestrial mobile communication systems, we explored a pair of algorithms of mining satellite spatial resources for realizing the collision mitigation and capacity improvement of LEO IoT terminals.Simulation results showed that the designed method sofmining spatial-domain resources could mitigated eff ectively signal collisions among IoT terminals, and improved signifi cantly the concurrent accessing number of LEO satellite IoT terminals.

    Research Status of Space-air-ground Integrated Network and Application Prospects of New Technologies
    Xiaokai ZHANG, Daoxing GUO, Bangning ZHANG
    2021, 2(4):  19-26.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2021039
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    To achieve the demand of all-time all-area coverage of wireless communications, space-air-ground integrated network (SAGIN) is important systematic development direction with global coverage, optional reception, and proportional demand service, which deeply integrate the satellite-based network, aerial-based network, and terrestrial-based network to break down the systematic barriers of each network and give full play to the functions of diff erent network dimensions.The development process of the SAGIN from the aspects of policy orientation, academic innovation, standards and norms were discussed.At the same time, the applications of the new emerged technology in the SAGIN were prospected, and the possible development direction of the SAGIN in the future was discussed.

    Research on Random Access Technology of Inter-Frame Interference Cancellation for 6G Satellite Internet of Things
    Yu XU, Qing GUO
    2021, 2(4):  27-33.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2021040
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    In 6G, one of the important application scenarios is ultra-massive machinetype communications, which is mainly oriented to the application scenarios of concurrent access of massive terminals such as the satellite Internet of Things.How to design an access mechanism that can meet the concurrent access service requirements of large-scale users in machine communication scenarios for the future 6G satellite communication network is an important problem to be solved.A random access protocol based on intra-frame interference cancellation was proposed.In this protocol, each access user who needs to transmit data sends multiple packet copies in one frame, and the receiver can successfully receive packets from multiple users in confl icting time slots by using interference cancellation algorithms in the frame.Compared with the traditional random access mechanism, this mechanism can greatly improve the throughput performance in the scenario of multi-user concurrent access.

    Research on the NB-IoT Random Access in LEO Satellite IoT
    Haodong LIU, Zhong ZHENG, Wenjin WANG, Li YOU, Xiqi GAO
    2021, 2(4):  34-42.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2021041
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    Narrowband internet of things (NB-IoT) technology is widely used in data communications for a large number of low-speed and low-power devices, but it is diff cult to provide services for remote areas that cannot be covered by terrestrial networks.With its global coverage and low cost, the LEO satellite constellation can supplement and expand the terrestrial NB-IoT infrastructure, providing an eff ective solution for the space-based internet of things.Facing the application requirements of space-based internet of things, on the basis of reviewing the NB-IoT system architecture, the challenges of channel environment high dynamic delay and frequency off set faced by the application of NB-IoT technology in the LEO satellite constellation scenario were analyzed.For the uplink random access process, an eff ective user detection and timing synchronization method was designed, which had the advantages of high performance and low complexity, and provided an eff cient receiving method for the LEO satellite NB-IoT uplink random access synchronization.

    Sensing-Based Spectrum Sharing Method in Satellite-Terrestrial Network
    Jing HU, Dongming BIAN, Xiang TIAN, Yinxia ZHU, Jian ZHANG
    2021, 2(4):  43-52.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2021042
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    Considering the spatial possibility of opportunistic spectrum sharing, sensing-based spectrum sharing method ws applied in the satellite-terrestrial network.The sensing-throughput tradeoff problem was studied, and the throughput is a concave function of the sensing duration was proved.In order to further improved the satellite uplink throughput, the multi-slots sensing method and the cooperative sensing method were proposed.Computer simulations showed that the optimal sensing duration could maximized the uplink throughput, and the multi-slot sensing method or the cooperative sensing method could further improved the throughput of satellite network.

    Robust Beamforming Algorithm for Multibeam Satellite Communication Based on Downlink NOMA
    Pengcheng KAN, Zining WANG, Huaicong KONG, Jian OUYANG, Min LIN
    2021, 2(4):  53-59.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2021043
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    To improved the spectrum efficiency of multibeam satellite system and meet the requirement of multi-access, a robust beamforming and power allocation scheme based on non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) was proposed.Under the condition that the imperfect channel state information was known, fi rstly, a power minimization problem subject to probability constraints of users’ quality of service requirement and earth stations’ interference-to-noise ratio was formulated.In order to address the non-convex problem, we then adopted Bernstein inequality to converted the probability constraints into deterministic forms and decomposed the original problem into beamforming sub-problem and power allocation sub-problem, and the robust design was conducted by alternating optimization.Simulation results showed that the proposed scheme has better robustness and eff ectiveness compared with other existing schemes.

    On-board Multi-User Detection Algorithm Based on Conditional Neural Process
    Yilun LIU, Liang JIN, Jiali LI, Lidong ZHU
    2021, 2(4):  60-65.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2021044
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    With the characteristics of all-terrain, all-weather and seamless coverage, satellite communications have become a potentially important part of 6G.An important prerequisite for achieving satellite intelligence is that the satellite have on-board processing capabilities.Multi-user detection (MUD) is a classic method of suppressing multiple access interference (MAI) in wireless communication, such as MMSE, Gaussian processregression (GPR) and other algorithms.Due to the inverse matrix required in the detection process, the algorithm complexity is usually cubic, and it is diff cult to directly apply to satellite platforms because of its limited processing capabilities.The conditional neural process combined the characteristics of the low complexity of the neural network and the data-eff cient of the Gaussian process.The neural network was used to parameterized the Gaussian process to avoided the inversion of the matrix, thereby reduced the computational complexity.The application of conditional neural process in MUD was studied.The simulation results showed that, while reduced complexity, conditional neural process also greatly improved the performance of bit error rate (BER).

    Special Issue: Satellite Internet Operation Control and Management
    Research on Strategies and Technologies for Resource Management and Control of Heterogeneous Network of High and Low Orbit Satellites
    Meirong ZHANG, Mengting HAO, Chuang WANG, Gengxin ZHANG
    2021, 2(4):  67-74.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2021045
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    With the vigorous development of space communication technology and the continuous advancement of space-integrated-ground information network, satellite communication networks resource management and control is becoming more and more complex.Due to the scarcity of satellite resources, the slowness of resource scheduling compared to the status refreshing, and uneven distribution of business, eff ciently managing resources has become one of urgent problems to be solved in the development of satellite communications.In view of the heterogeneous network system architecture of high and low orbit satellites, the challenges, its network resource management and control facing, were analyzed.Integrating on the basis of traditional management and control architecture, the collaborative management and control architecture based on group management was introduced.The management strategy of satellite network virtual resource pool was explained to relieved resources scarcity.Resource scheduling algorithms based on deep reinforcement learning(DRL) was introduced to solved the mismatch problem of traditional scheduling methods in complex environments.Beam-hopping technology was adopted to deal with the two-dimensional unevenness of service distribution in time and space.

    Intelligent Satellite Internet Maintenance and Management:Progress and Opportunities
    Siqi TANG, Zhisong PAN, Guyu HU, Yang WU, Yunbo LI
    2021, 2(4):  75-83.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2021046
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    In multi-layer heterogeneous satellite internet, the time-varying topology, dynamic channel quality, unstable satellites and emerging high-dimensional data present daunting challenges to its maintenance and management system.Thanks to its ability to learn from massive historical data or interaction with dynamic environment, artificial intelligence has been considered to be a promising solution to meet the aforementioned challenge.In this paper, we reviewed the research status of intelligent satellite internet maintenance and management technology on the following three aspects, network resource management, traff c fl ow management and network state management.Based on the above introduction, we further discussed the limitation of existing research and discussed promising future research direction of this fi eld as well.

    Research on Key Technologies and Design of High-peed Transmission Protocol in Space-Integrated-Ground Information Network
    Yaming Ban, Hao Zheng, Zhe Liu, Siyang Dong
    2021, 2(4):  84-92.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2021047
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    In order to solve the problems of high packet loss rate, high bit error rate and long delay in space-integrated-ground information network, a transmission protocol (SRTP), which was based on UDP and SCPS-TP was designed.In SRTP, ACK and NAK acknowledgement mechanism, packet retransmission mechanism were redesigned, and PID congestion control mechanism was optimized based on artifi cial immune network algorithm(IA).Compared with traditional TCP, SRTP has better eff ect on transmission rate and network stability.

    Research of Health Management on Satellite Communication Earth Station Platform Based on Engineering-Oriented Method
    Qing XUE, Yusheng LIN, Yang KOU, Yongchi ZHANG, Jing ZHANG, Shaofei Wang
    2021, 2(4):  93-100.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2021048
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    Based on the practical experience in satellite communication network fi eld, considering the existing problems in current system, regarding the typical earth station platform as research object, this paper did research of health management on satellite communication earth station platform based on engineering-oriented method.The analysis for health management mode was conducted associated with practical work mode and fl ow path, then, a typical indicator data classifi cation way was proposed based on inservice equipments and system, and we showed some examples.Finally, the fault diagnosis and prognostic method, the health assessment method, and the prognostic method for remaining life were proposed considering the real situation of our satellite communication system, which was an advanced thought for engineering-oriented health management method on satellite communication network fi eld.

Copyright Information
Competent Unit: Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China
Sponsor: Posts & Telecom Press Co., Ltd.
Guiding Unit: China Satellite Network Group Co., Ltd.
Publisher: China InfoCom Media Group
Editor-in-Chief: LU Jun Executive
Editor-in-Chief: WU Wei
Associate Editor-in-Chief: WANG Chunting, LI Jianming, LYU Ziping,ZHU Decheng, SUN Qibin,
LIU Hualu
Director of Editorial Department: NIU Xiaomin
Deputy Director of Editorial Department: ZHAO Lulu
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