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20 September 2022, Volume 3 Issue 3

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Special Issue: Intelligent+Satellite Internet

The Architecture and Key Technologies of the Internet of Things with Integration of Heaven and Earth and Multi Services

Xiao WEI, Jing ZHANG, Ziao QUAN, Yinuo GUO, Xu FENG

2022, 3(3):  3-12.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2022026

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In view of the requirements of the new internet of things , such as multi diff erentiated service, wide area high-capacity access, low power consumption and low cost, the architecture design, technology research and system construction of the new generation satellite internet of things are in the stage of extensive research and experiment.In this context, based on the analyzed of the research status and requirements, an internet of things architecture integrating heaven and earth was proposed.Then, the research on technologies such as multi service integration air interface transmission, communication and positioning integration, and intelligent edge computing were deeply studied.A multi-scene space based internet of things solution for low latitude areas was put forwared, which provided a reference for the future development of space-based internet of things technology and system construction.

Satellite-Earth Integration Intelligent Resource Management and Control Architecture of Giant Sensing Constellation

Yingte CHAI, Gang WANG, Chao ZHANG, Guangxi ZHU, Wei FU, Zhengqiang GUO

2022, 3(3):  13-22.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2022027

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The giant sensing constellation will have the capabilities of on-board automatic processing, on-board independent planning, multisensors and multi-mode automatic switching.The traditional control mode of relying solely on the ground system can no longer meet the requirements of the giant sensing constellation.According to the requirements of intelligent and networked control, an integrated intelligent resource management and control architecture was proposed.It was based on the integration of satellite and earth.The work contents of satellite and earth were specifically designed.The interaction mechanism between satellite and earth was designed.The architecture it proposed could be well applied to the independent resource management and controlled of giant sensing constellation.The architecture realized the ＆quot;networking, autonomy and intelligence＆quot; of the giant sensing constellation and it could played an important role in major national security emergency response and other tasks.

Intelligent Planning Framework for Star-Walk Mission Based on Multimodal Observation Requirements Information

Guangxi ZHU, Gang WANG, Chao ZHANG, Yingte CHAI, Wei FU, Zhengqiang GUO

2022, 3(3):  23-29.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2022028

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Combined with the current requirement and research for rapid intelligent planning of star-walk observation mission, and a framework based on multimodal observation requirements such as voice and text was designed.The framework aimed to satisfied the requirements and focued on breaking through three key issues for future emergency rescue applications: multimodal requirement interpretation, full-elements resource coordination and complex emergency missions planning, and to open the automatic link between observation requirement, resource planning and mission planning by making full use of deep learning methods.On these bases, the framework had the ability to provided rapid remote sensing observation information with a specified time and made full play to the comprehensive eff ectiveness of remote sensing information resources.

Intelligent Excavation Technologies for Satellite Spectrum Signals

Qiulin LYU, Xiaojin DING, Gengxin ZHANG

2022, 3(3):  30-36.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2022029

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With the construction of spatial information network, the available spectrum resources are increasingly scarce, and the electromagnetic environment is becoming more and more complex, resulting a more prominent challenge of realizing the safe control of the global electromagnetic.Therefore, the sensing method of electromagnetic spectrum occupation state was studied, a time convolution neural network to sense the spectrum occupation state was constructed.To mine abnormal spectrum data, neural network was used to automatically detect abnormal spectrum, such as fl uctuation noise fl oor, spectrum grass and large bandwidth.The spectrum parameter extraction method was explored.Considering the large propagation delay between the spectrum-sensing satellite and its gateway, a neural network was constructed to predicted the spectrum occupation state.The perception, anomaly, parameters and prediction results of satellite spectrum signal were visualized.The preliminary evaluation results showed that the designed satellite-spectrum intelligent mining technologies could not only improved the sensing ability of spectrum situation, but also eff ectively improved the utilization of spectrum resources.

CNN-Based Channel Estimation Method for OTFS System in Satellite-Ground Scenario

Cheng GUO, Le YU, Lidong ZHU

2022, 3(3):  37-45.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2022030

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Orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) is fully applied in high Doppler communication scenarios due to its good Doppler frequency bias and time delay adaptability.The channel estimation methods for OTFS systems have shortcomings such as high complexity and poor BER performance.A CNN-based channel estimation method for OTFS systems in the terrestrial-satellite scenario using a convolutional neural network (CNN) approach was proposed.Simulation results showed that the deep learning-based method outperformed the conventional method in terms of algorithm complexity and BER in the terrestrial-satellite scenario, thus demonstrating that deep learning is a promising tool for channel estimation in OTFS systems.

Special Issue: World-Earth Integration Software-Defined Network

Research on Intelligent Networking Architecture for the Integrated Space-Terrestrial Networks

Tingting ZHANG, Nan WU, Haipeng YAO

2022, 3(3):  47-55.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2022031

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The integrated space-terrestrial networks (ISTN), characterized by the high-dynamic of topology, the diversifi cation of services and the constrained resource of satellites, face great challenges in the integration of networking.To achieve network capabilities of intelligent reconstruction, on-demand adjustment, eff ective management and control, the intelligent networking method for ISTN by applying SDN, NFV and artifi cial intelligence were studied.In-depth analysis of the development status of the world-earth fusion network, an intelligent and virtualization-driven world-earth fusion network architecture was proposed.On this basis, to addressed the challenges of intelligent networking brought about by network element heterogeneity, large space-time scale, and diff erentiated service requirements, the multidimensional heterogeneous data plane resource pooling, multi-domain collaborative sensing function on-demand deployment, multi-layer multi-domain hybrid network autonomous control, centralized and distributed network intelligence for ＆quot;cloud-edge＆quot; collaboration, etc.were proposed, which realized on-demand reconstruction of the world-earth fusion network and intelligent service guarantee capabilities.

Software Defi ned Satellite Network Assisted Multi-Domain Routing Strategy for Aeronautical Networks

Mo SHA, Kaixuan SUN, Huasen HE, Wenke YUAN, Zhicheng YE, Jian YANG

2022, 3(3):  56-64.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2022032

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Satellite network layer and aeronautical network layer are treated as important parts of the next generation network, which will lead the world into the era of global interconnection.However, the high mobility and sparse distribution of aircraft limit the application of traditional routing algorithms originally designed for ground-based ad-hoc networks.Therefore, this paper used the aeronautical network to access software defi ned satellite network (Sat-SDN) for realizing real-time communication and state synchronization between aircraft via the inter-satellite and satellite-to-aircraft links.In order to extend the aeronautical networking and transmission mechanism to the global scope, a multiple domain division method was proposed, and an inter domain routing algorithm was presented.By analogy the refl ection principle of light, a routing learning method which limited the broadcasting of routing learning packets into a specifi c area was proposed, and eff ectively avoided severe communication overhead caused by state synchronization and fl ooding learning in large-scale networks.The real aircraft data was used for experimental simulation to compared the performance of proposed low-cost inter-domain routing algorithm (LIRA) with existing solutions.The simulation results showed that LIRA could eff ectively reduced the communication overhead and improved the transmission quality.

Research on Routing Optimization in Satellite Internet Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

Linhui WEI, Guowen LIU, Yu LIU, Yumei WANG

2022, 3(3):  65-71.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2022033

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With the rapid development of satellite communication, the satellite internet is one of the core technologies of 6G network to realize global coverage, full-time access and full scene service.The high dynamics and limited capacity of satellite network lead to a series of management and control challenges such as heterogeneous network management, dynamic resource allocation and so on.Since the machine learning-based technologies have strength in network design, the intelligent architecture of software-defi ned satellite internet was put forward.In view of the intelligent routing in satellite internet, and leverages the deep reinforcement algorithm based on double delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) to solve the network routing optimization problem.The experimental results showed that compared with DDPG algorithm, the TD3 algorithm reduced the delay by 19.19%.

Management of MEC Service and Optimization of Mission Migration in LEO Satellite Networks

Zhihui LIU, Huan WEI, Jie YIN, Junyi WANG, Shichao JIN, Tao DONG

2022, 3(3):  72-80.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2022034

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Low earth orbit (LEO) satellites play an important role in the communication of earth observation and wide area coverage because of their advantages of short transmission delay and low deployment cost.Due to limited size and weight of LEO satellite platform, the function of each LEO satellite node is relatively single, which requires effi cient collaboration among various LEO satellite nodes to form a high-performance satellite network with decentralized functions and converged capabilities.It puts forward certain requirements for network service management.Aiming at the cooperative scenario that remote sensing satellites migrate observated task data to LEO satellite constellation with mobile edge computing (MEC) service deployed, the MEC service management model based on software defi ned network in LEO satellite networks was studied, a cross-slot task migration optimization method with the aid of time extended graph was proposed.The simulation results showed that the task migration optimization method could eff ectively reduced the cost of observation satellite processing tasks.And it could off ered the management model for LEO satellite networks that deployed MEC servers.

Network Capability Exposure Scheme in Satellite and Ground Merged Network

Lin LIN, Bin ZHU, Zelin WANG, Guangquan WANG, Jianwei HE, Haipeng YAO

2022, 3(3):  81-86.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2022035

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Facing the issue of the integration capability opening of terrestrial 5G network and satellite communication network fusion architecture, first the research status of 5G and satellite communication fusion at home and abroad was introduced.Then a layered architecture for consistent capability opening under the fusion architecture of satellite and terrestrial 5G networks was proposed.Finally, the open requirements, feasible architecture and application scheme of consistent capability under the fusion architecture of satellite and terrestrial 5G networks was discussed.Through the proposed capability opening scheme based on the integration of 5G and satellite communication network, on the one hand, the capability invocation path of satellite communication network and terrestrial 5G network was connected, and 5G capability was extended to the application in the fi eld of satellite communication.On the other hand, the platform provided technical reference for satellite management system information for 5G capability decision-making and 5G network capability for satellite link selection.

Simulation System of Space-Air-Ground Integrated Micro-Service New Network Architecture in 6G

Junyi YANG, Fandi PEI, Zhaolong XU, Zhenyu XIAO

2022, 3(3):  87-96.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2022036

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The space-air-ground integrated network is the inevitable trend of 6G development in the future.A set of verifi cation simulation system was designed and set up for the micro-service new network architecture of space-air-ground integrated network in 6G.A four-layer simulation system architecture was proposed, included access user layer, radio unit-distributed unit (RU-DU) layer, NFV case management layer and micro-service network element layer.The whole process of network topology establishment, user registration, session establishment and communication case simulation could be realized, which embodied the function of service-oriented network element.Three basic simulation communication cases, namely communication between users, handover management and session management, were designed, and the feasibility of the new network architecture was verifi ed by the handover management case, which laid the engineering foundation for the iterative evolution of network architecture.

Study

Survey of Low Earth Orbit Satellite Communication Network Routing Technology

Shuang ZHENG, Xing ZHANG, Wenbo WANG

2022, 3(3):  97-105.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2022037

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Low earth orbit satellite communication network is an important part of the internet of everything era, but the characteristics of satellite constellation topology such as high dynamic, limited heterogeneous resources and unbalanced network service capacity make the traditional routing protocol applied to the ground network no longer suitable for low earth orbit satellite network.In this regard, scholars at home and abroad had carried out extensive research on low-orbit satellite routing technology.Firstly, the research status of low-orbit satellite routing was discussed from inter-satellite routing and satellite-to-ground routing, and the inter-satellite routing technologies with business as the core and topology as the core were compared in detail.On this basis, the key problems faced by low-orbit satellite routing strategies were analyzed, namely, high dynamic network topology, large inter-satellite link propagation delay, uneven network load and limited on-board resources.The future research of routing technology was prospected accordingly.