面向网络语音隐写的抗分组丢失联合编码

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2016231

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

VoIP（voice over IP）是基于UDP/IP协议族的语音通信技术，当信道环境变差时不可避免地会产生网络分组丢失，这给建立在其上的 VoIP 隐写的可靠传输带来了挑战。提出利用纠删码对秘密信息进行冗余预处理，再结合矩阵嵌入编码实现最小失真的隐写，从而建立了基于联合编码的嵌入和提取模型。在此基础上，分析了关键参数对联合编码性能的影响并给出了最优参数的选取算法。实验结果表明，所提联合编码能够有效提高隐写系统的抗分组丢失能力，且能减少对语音流的修改。

关键词: VoIP隐写, 联合编码, 分组丢失恢复, 纠删码, 矩阵嵌入

Abstract:

VoIP (voice over IP) is a kind of voice communication technology based on UDP/IP protocols. Packet loss will inevitably happen when the channel environment deteriorates, which can pose challenges to the reliable transmission of VoIP steganography. A steganographic model based on joint encoding was proposed. In this model, packet erasure coding was introduced to preprocess the secret data. And the encoded data were embedded into voice packets with minimum dis-tortion using matrix embedding. Furthermore, the influences of key parameters on the performance of joint coding were studied. The selection algorithm for optimal parameters was also given. Experimental results show that the proposed joint coding can effectively improve steganographic resistance to packet loss, and decrease the number of modifications to the voice stream.

Key words: VoIP steganography, joint encoding, packet loss recovery, erasure coding, matrix embedding

高瞻瞻,汤光明,张伟伟. 面向网络语音隐写的抗分组丢失联合编码[J]. 通信学报, 2016, 37(11): 146-155.

Zhan-zhan GAO,Guang-ming TANG,Wei-wei ZHANG. Anti-packet-loss joint encoding for voice-over-IP steganography[J]. Journal on Communications, 2016, 37(11): 146-155.

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		p=0.2			p=0.5			p=0.8
嵌入量M/bit
嵌入量M/bit
	初始分组数k		冗余度w	初始分组数k		冗余度w	初始分组数k		冗余度w
100	5		7.6	12		2.583 3	23		1.391 3
200	5		7.6	16		2.437 5	29		1.350 0
300	6		6.666 7	16		2.437 5	26		1.384 6
400	—		—	16		2.437 5	28		1.392 9
600	—		—	16		2.437 5	29		1.379 3
800	—		—	16		2.437 5	29		1.379 3
1 000	—		—	—		—	29		1.379 3
1 200	—		—	—		—	29		1.379 3
1 400	—		—	—		—	29		1.379 3
1 600	—		—	—		—	30		1.333 3
1 800	—		—	—		—	—		—

		p=0.2			p=0.5			p=0.8
嵌入量M/bit
嵌入量M/bit
	初始分组数k		冗余度w	初始分组数k		冗余度w	初始分组数k		冗余度w
100	14		7.428 6	14		2.785 7	20		1.650 0
200	24		7.125 0	24		2.750 0	40		1.650 0
300	27		7.148 1	37		2.702 7	34		1.617 6
400	28		7.107 1	49		2.653 1	49		1.591 8
600	28		7.107 1	74		2.608 1	69		1.579 7
800	28		7.107 1	69		2.623 2	99		1.565 7
1 000	28		7.107 1	74		2.608 1	114		1.561 4
1 200	28		7.107 1	75		2.626 7	104		1.567 3
1 400	28		7.107 1	74		2.608 1	119		1.563 0
1 600	30		6.666 7	74		2.608 1	128		1.562 5
1 800	—		—	75		2.626 7	128		1.562 5