2.55 GHz城市微蜂窝三维宽带时变信道特性分析与建模研究

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2017205

通信学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (10): 135-145.doi: 10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2017205

2.55 GHz城市微蜂窝三维宽带时变信道特性分析与建模研究

李树¹,赵雄文^1,^2,³,张蕊²,王琦¹,耿绥燕¹

¹ 华北电力大学电气与电子工程学院，北京 102206
² 中国电波传播研究所电波环境特性与模化技术国家重点实验室，山东青岛 266107
³ 东南大学移动通信国家重点实验室，江苏南京 210096

修回日期:2017-06-27 出版日期:2017-10-01 发布日期:2017-11-16
作者简介:李树（1991-），男，湖南娄底人，华北电力大学博士生，主要研究方向为3D-MIMO信道建模、毫米波信道建模、高分辨率提取算法、时变信道建模以及D2D通信。|赵雄文（1964-），男，陕西清涧人，华北电力大学教授、博士生导师，主要研究方向为MIMO无线信道建模和实验、无线通信系统、电磁场理论及其应用、频谱管理和干扰协调技术等。|张蕊（1979-），女，河北正定人，博士，中国电波传播研究所高级工程师，主要研究方向为对流层电波传播、无线信道测量与建模等。|王琦（1990-），女，新疆呼图壁人，华北电力大学博士生，主要研究方向为毫米波无线通信、大规模MIMO信道建模等。|耿绥燕（1966-），女，陕西缕德人，华北电力大学副教授，主要研究方向为短距离通信技术与应用、毫米波MIMO无线通信信道实验与建模等。
基金资助:
电波环境特性与模化国家重点实验室开放课题基金资助项目(201400009);移动通信国家重点实验室开放课题基金资助项目(2016D09);国家自然科学基金资助项目(61372051)

Research on characterization and modeling for 3D wideband time-varying channels for urban microcells at 2.55 GHz

Shu LI¹,Xiong-wen ZHAO^1,^2,³,Rui ZHANG²,Qi WANG¹,Sui-yan GENG¹

¹ School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China
² National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment,China Research Institute of Radio Wave Propagation ,Qingdao 266107,China
³ National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China

Revised:2017-06-27 Online:2017-10-01 Published:2017-11-16
Supported by:
Open Fund of National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment(201400009);Open Fund of Na-tional Mobile Communications Research Laboratory(2016D09);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(61372051)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于2.55 GHz城市微蜂窝场景多输入多输出(MIMO,multiple-input multiple-output)信道实测数据，研究了三维宽带无线信道的时变特性，利用SAGE (space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization)算法提取多径参数，包括水平、垂直面的电波离开角和电波到达角，采用双向匹配算法识别并跟踪多径，建立了多径的“生灭”模型，统计分析了多径的出现率、多径生命周期、多径初始参数和演进参数等时变信道模型参数并根据上述参数的统计分布和相关性展开建模，建立了基于多径“生灭”过程的时变信道模型，并给出了详细的模型参数和仿真实现步骤，通过对比实测数据和仿真结果的均方根时延扩展和均方根角度扩展，验证了模型的可用性。提出的时变信道模型可用于城市微蜂窝场景时变信道仿真，也为5G动态信道建模的研究提供重要参考。

关键词: 城市微蜂窝, SAGE, 多径“生灭”模型, 时变信道, 信道仿真与验证, 5G动态信道建模

Abstract:

Based on the outdoor microcell MIMO channel measurement campaign at 2.55 GHz,the time-evolution characteristics of three-dimensional wideband channel were studied.The SAGE algorithm was used to extract multipath parameters such as azimuth and elevation angle of departure and arrival.A bidirectional matching algorithm was applied to tracing multipath and the "birth-death" process.The statistical characteristics of multipath birth,lifespan,multipath initial and evolution parameters were analyzed and modeled based on the cross-correlations of multipath parameters.A time-varying channel model with multipath birth-death process was developed.The model parameter table and a detailed flowchart were offered for time-varying channel simulations.The proposed model was validated by comparing the root-mean-square (RMS) of delay spread and angular spread between the simulated and measured results.The channel model proposed can be applied in time-varying channel simulation for urban microcells and it’s also very important to be referred in 5G dynamic channel modeling.

Key words: urban microcell, SAGE, multipath birth-death process, time-varying channel, channel simulation and valida-tion, 5G dynamic channel modeling

中图分类号:

TN928

李树,赵雄文,张蕊,王琦,耿绥燕. 2.55 GHz城市微蜂窝三维宽带时变信道特性分析与建模研究[J]. 通信学报, 2017, 38(10): 135-145.

Shu LI,Xiong-wen ZHAO,Rui ZHANG,Qi WANG,Sui-yan GENG. Research on characterization and modeling for 3D wideband time-varying channels for urban microcells at 2.55 GHz[J]. Journal on Communications, 2017, 38(10): 135-145.

图/表 12

图1

表1

图2

表2

UMi场景时变信道参数"

时变信道参数	最佳拟合统计分布	参数值	拟合误差标准差
多径生命周期Δs	指数分布：Δs～E(λ_Δs)	λ_Δs=0.74	λ_Δs:0.017
每快照多径出生数B	泊松分布为B～P(λ_B)	λ_B=2.24	λ_B:0.063
多径初始时延τ	指数分布为τ～E(λ_τ)	$\frac{1}{λ_{τ}} = 57.7 n s$	$\frac{1}{λ_{τ}} : 0.50 n s$
			μ₁:0.041
多径初始AoD ψ₁	tlocation-scaleψ₁～t(μ₁,σ₁,v₁)	μ₁=0.31,σ₁=3.32,v₁=0.47 °	σ₁:0.072
			v₁:0.006
			μ₂:0.058
多径初始EoD θ₁	tlocation-scale：θ₁～t(μ₂,σ₂,v₂)	μ₂=0.54,σ₂=6.94,v₂=0.84 °	σ_2:0.084
			v₂:0.019
			μ₃:0.021
多径初始AoAψ₂	tlocation-scale：ψ₂～t(μ₃,σ₃,v₃)	μ₃=-0.18,σ₃=1.84,v₃=0.81 °	σ_3:0.038
			v₃:0.008
			μ₄:0.028
多径初始EoA θ₂	tlocation-scale：θ₂～t(μ₄,σ₄,v₄)	μ₄=-0.08,σ₄=2.20,ν₄=0.85 °	σ_4:0.033
			v₄:0.012
多径初始功率P	式(11)	μ_P=-9.94,σ_P=5.62 dB	μ_P:0.049
		k_P～τ=-0.017 dB/ns	σ_P:0.035
长周期多径时延变化率k_τ	正态分布为 $k_{τ} ~ N (μ_{τ}, σ_{τ})$	μ_τ=-1.50,σ_τ=3.90 ns/snapshot	μ_τ::0.24
			σ_τ:0.17
长周期多径AoD变化率 $k_{φ_{1}}$	正态分布为 $k_{φ_{1}} \sim N (μ_{φ_{1}}, σ_{φ_{1}})$	$μ_{φ_{1}} = 2.00, σ_{φ_{1}} = 2.07 r a d / s n a p s h o t$	$μ_{φ_{1}} : 0.43$
			$σ_{φ_{1}} : 0.31$
长周期多径EoD变化率 $k_{θ_{1}}$	正态分布为 $k_{θ_{1}} ~ N (μ_{θ_{1}}, σ_{θ_{1}})$	$μ_{θ_{1}} = 0.13, σ_{θ_{1}} = 2.00 r a d / s n a p s h o t$	$μ_{θ_{1}} : 0.036$
			$σ_{θ_{1}} : 0.250$
长周期多径AoA变化率 $k_{φ_{2}}$	正态分布为 $k_{φ_{2}} \sim N (μ_{φ_{2}}, σ_{φ_{2}})$	$μ_{φ_{2}} = 0.01, σ_{φ_{2}} = 0.15 r a d / s n a p s h o t$	$μ_{φ_{2}} : 0.059$
			$σ_{φ_{2}} : 0.042$
长周期多径EoA变化率 $k_{θ_{2}}$	正态分布为 $k_{θ_{2}} ~ N (μ_{θ_{2}}, σ_{θ_{2}})$	$μ_{θ_{2}} = - 0.03, σ_{θ_{2}} = 0.51 r a d / s n a p s h o t$	$μ_{θ_{2}} : 0.085$
			$σ_{θ_{2}} : 0.006$
长周期多径功率变化	式(14)	—	—

表2

表3

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

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参数	数值
载频	2.55 GHz
带宽	200 MHz (null-to-null)
码长	511 chip
时延分辨率	10 ns
最大可测额外时延	5.11 μs
发射/接收天线	ODA / 16单元平面阵列
极化	交叉极化( ±45°)
发射天线高度	1.7 m
接收天线高度	8m

参数	相关系数ρ
Delay vs AoA	0.13
Delay vs AoD	-0.01
Delay vs EoA	0.06
Delay vs EoD	-0.05
AoA vs AoD	0.00
AoA vs EoA	-0.03
AoA vs EoD	0.04
AoD vs EoA	0.02
AoD vs EoD	0.05
EoA vs EoD	0.02

2.55 GHz城市微蜂窝三维宽带时变信道特性分析与建模研究

Research on characterization and modeling for 3D wideband time-varying channels for urban microcells at 2.55 GHz

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