区块链技术研究综述：原理、进展与应用

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2020027

通信学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 134-151.doi: 10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2020027

所属专题：区块链

区块链技术研究综述：原理、进展与应用

曾诗钦¹,霍如^2,³,黄韬^1,³,刘江^1,³,汪硕^1,³,冯伟⁴

¹ 北京邮电大学网络与交换国家重点实验室，北京 100876
² 北京工业大学北京未来网络科技高精尖创新中心，北京 100124
³ 网络通信与安全紫金山实验室，江苏南京 211111
⁴ 工业和信息化部信息化和软件服务业司，北京 100846

修回日期:2019-12-12 出版日期:2020-01-25 发布日期:2020-02-11
作者简介:曾诗钦（1995- ），男，广西南宁人，北京邮电大学博士生，主要研究方向为区块链、标识解析技术、工业互联网|霍如（1988- ），女，黑龙江哈尔滨人，博士，北京工业大学讲师，主要研究方向为计算机网络、信息中心网络、网络缓存策略与算法、工业互联网、标识解析技术等。|黄韬（1980- ），男，重庆人，博士，北京邮电大学教授，主要研究方向为未来网络体系架构、软件定义网络、网络虚拟化等。|刘江（1983- ），男，河南郑州人，博士，北京邮电大学教授，主要研究方向为未来网络体系架构、软件定义网络、网络虚拟化、信息中心网络等。|汪硕（1991- ），男，河南灵宝人，博士，北京邮电大学在站博士后，主要研究方向为数据中心网络、软件定义网络、网络流量调度等。|冯伟（1980- ），男，河北邯郸人，博士，工业和信息化部副研究员，主要研究方向为工业互联网平台、数字孪生、信息化和工业化融合发展关键技术等
基金资助:
国家高技术研究发展计划（“863”计划）基金资助项目(2015AA015702);未来网络操作系统发展战略研究基金资助项目(2019-XY-5)

Survey of blockchain:principle,progress and application

Shiqin ZENG¹,Ru HUO^2,³,Tao HUANG^1,³,Jiang LIU^1,³,Shuo WANG^1,³,Wei FENG⁴

¹ State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 100876,China
² Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Internet Technology,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China
³ Purple Mountain Laboratories,Nanjing 211111,China
⁴ Department of Information Technology Application and Software Services,Beijing 100846,China

Revised:2019-12-12 Online:2020-01-25 Published:2020-02-11
Supported by:
The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program)(2015AA015702);The Development Strategy Research of Future Network Operating System(2019-XY-5)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

区块链是一种分布式账本技术，依靠智能合约等逻辑控制功能演变为完整的存储系统。其分类方式、服务模式和应用需求的变化导致核心技术形态的多样性发展。为了完整地认知区块链生态系统，设计了一个层次化的区块链技术体系结构，进一步深入剖析区块链每层结构的基本原理、技术关联以及研究进展，系统归纳典型区块链项目的技术选型和特点，最后给出智慧城市、工业互联网等区块链前沿应用方向，提出区块链技术挑战与研究展望。

关键词: 区块链, 加密货币, 去中心化, 层次化技术体系结构, 技术多样性, 工业区块链

Abstract:

Blockchain is a kind of distributed ledger technology that upgrades to a complete storage system by adding logic control functions such as intelligent contracts.With the changes of its classification,service mode and application requirements,the core technology forms of Blockchain show diversified development.In order to understand the Blockchain ecosystem thoroughly,a hierarchical technology architecture of Blockchain was proposed.Furthermore,each layer of blockchain was analyzed from the perspectives of basic principle,related technologies and research progress in-depth.Moreover,the technology selections and characteristics of typical Blockchain projects were summarized systematically.Finally,some application directions of blockchain frontiers,technology challenges and research prospects including Smart Cities and Industrial Internet were given.

Key words: blockchain, cryptocurrency, decentralization, hierarchical technology architecture, technology diversity

中图分类号:

TP393

曾诗钦, 霍如, 黄韬, 刘江, 汪硕, 冯伟. 区块链技术研究综述：原理、进展与应用[J]. 通信学报, 2020, 41(1): 134-151.

Shiqin ZENG, Ru HUO, Tao HUANG, Jiang LIU, Shuo WANG, Wei FENG. Survey of blockchain:principle,progress and application[J]. Journal on Communications, 2020, 41(1): 134-151.

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技术选型	Corda	Quorum	Libra	Blockstack	Filecoin	Zcash
控制合约	Kotlin,Java	GO	Move	Clarity非图灵完备	非图灵完备	非图灵完备
执行环境	JVM	EVM	MVM	源码编译	源码编译	源码编译
处理模型	链上	链上/链下（私有数据）	链上	链下（虚拟链）	链下（IPFS）	链上
奖惩机制	—	—	Libra coins	Stacks token	Filecoin	Zcash/Turnstiles
共识算法	Notary 机制/RAFT,BFT-SMaRt	Quorum-Chain,RAFT	LibraBFT	Tunable Proofs,proof-of-burn	PoRep,PoET	PoW
信息模型	UTXO	基于账户	基于账户	基于账户	基于账户	UTXO
关联验证结构	散列算法MKT	散列算法MPT	散列算法MKT	散列算法Merklized Adaptive Radix Forest (MARF)	散列算法MKT	散列算法MKT
加密机制	Tear-offs机制、混合密钥	基于Enclave	SHA3-256/EdDSA	基于Gaia/Blockstack Auth	SECP256K1/BLS	zk-SNARK
组网方式	混合型	结构化	混合型	无结构	结构化/无结构	无结构
通信机制	AMQP1.0/单点传播	Wire/Gossip	Noise-ProtocolFramework/Gossip	Atlas/Gossip	Libp2p/Gossip	Bitcoin-Core/Gossip
安全机制	Corda加密套件/TLS	证书/HTTPS	Diffie-Hellman	Secure Backbone	TLS	Tor
区块链类型	许可链	许可链	许可链	非许可链	非许可链	非许可链
特点	只允许对实际参与给定交易的各方进行信息访问和验证功能	基于以太坊网络提供公共交易和私有交易2种交互渠道	稳定、快速的交易网络	剔除中心服务商的、可扩展的分布式数据存储设施，旨在保护隐私数据	激励机制驱动的存储资源共享生态	基于比特币网络提供零知识证明的隐私保护
应用场景	金融业务平台	分布式应用	加密货币	互联网基础设施	文件存储与共享	加密货币

区块链技术研究综述：原理、进展与应用

Survey of blockchain:principle,progress and application

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