基于区块链的频谱设备网络中防御拜占庭攻击的分布式共识机制

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2020044

通信学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 1-16.doi: 10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2020044

所属专题：区块链

• 学术论文 • 下一篇

基于区块链的频谱设备网络中防御拜占庭攻击的分布式共识机制

杨健¹,陈曦²(),丁国如³,赵杭生⁴,张林元⁵,孙佳琛³

¹ 国防科技大学第六十三研究所，江苏南京 210007
² 南京理工大学机械工程学院，江苏南京 210094
³ 陆军工程大学通信工程学院，江苏南京 210007
⁴ 南京邮电大学通信与信息工程学院，江苏南京 210003
⁵ 江南计算技术研究所，江苏无锡 214146

修回日期:2020-02-16 出版日期:2020-03-25 发布日期:2020-03-31
作者简介:杨健（1984- ），男，安徽铜陵人，博士，国防科技大学在站博士后，主要研究方向为电磁频谱管理、频谱预测、认知物联网、频谱态势等|陈曦（1984- ），女，江苏徐州人，博士，南京理工大学副研究员，主要研究方向为电磁频谱管理、认知无线电、频谱预测、智能弹药与毁伤等|丁国如（1986- ），男，河南新乡人，博士，陆军工程大学副教授，主要研究方向为认知无线网络、大规模 MIMO、机器学习、大数据分析等|赵杭生（1962- ），男，浙江杭州人，博士，南京邮电大学研究员，主要研究方向为电磁频谱管理、认知无线电、频谱服务、频谱态势等|张林元（1991- ），男，山东临清人，博士，江南计算技术研究所工程师，主要研究方向为电磁频谱态势感知、安全数据融合等|孙佳琛（1994- ），女，江苏南通人，陆军工程大学博士生，主要研究方向为频谱数据分析、无线通信、认知无线电等
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(61871398);国家自然科学基金资助项目(61931011);江苏省杰出青年基金资助项目(BK20190030);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2018M633769);装备预研领域基金资助项目(61403120304)

Blockchain-driven distributed consensus mechanism in defensing Byzantine attack for the Internet of spectrum device

Jian YANG¹,Xi CHEN²(),Guoru DING³,Hangsheng ZHAO⁴,Linyuan ZHANG⁵,Jiachen SUN³

¹ 63rd Institute,National University of Defense Technology,Nanjing 210007,China
² School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China
³ College of Communications Engineering,Army Engineering University,Nanjing 210007,China
⁴ School of Telecommunication and Information Engineering,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210003,China
⁴ Jiangnan Institute of Computing Technology,Wuxi 214146,China

Revised:2020-02-16 Online:2020-03-25 Published:2020-03-31
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(61871398);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(61931011);The Natural Science Founda-tion for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province(BK20190030);China Post-Doctoral Science Funded Project(2018M633769);Equipment Advanced Research Field Foundation(61403120304)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对大规模、超密集部署移动互联网和物联网引发的精确频谱共享需求，基于区块链技术提出联网海量个人无线设备构成频谱设备网络：频谱管理服务器、移动基站、个人无线设备形成云计算与边缘计算相结合的频谱设备网络架构，以频谱数据获取、频谱区块添加、频谱数据传输、频谱数据采集的激励构成了基于区块链的频谱设备网络的基本运行机制，通过感知节点共识融合、验证节点共识验证、簇头节点共识确认，在一定置信度下的假设检验判断是否有恶意感知节点发动伪造频谱数据的拜占庭攻击。仿真结果表明分布式共识机制在防御恶意感知节点伪造频谱数据的拜占庭攻击上的有效性和可靠性。

关键词: 区块链, 频谱设备网络, 分布式共识机制, 拜占庭攻击

Abstract:

To meet the requirement of the precisely spectrum sharing triggered by large-scale and ultra-dense deployment of mobile internet and internet of things,a framework based on blockchain technology for networking the massive personal wireless devices to form the Internet of spectrum device (IoSD) was proposed.The architecture of cloud with edge computing was proposed as the architecture of IoSD,which consists of spectrum management server,mobile base station,and personal wireless devices.The mechanism of spectrum data acquisition,spectrum block appending,spectrum data transmission,and spectrum sensing incentive,consist of basic operational mechanism of IoSD.The distributed consensus mechanism,including fusion consensus among sensing-nodes,verification consensusamong checking-nodes,and confirmation consensus among head-nodes,was applied to determine whether the spectrum data was falsified by the Byzantine attack of malicious sensing-nodesunder the hypothesis test of certain confidence.The simulation results show the effectiveness and robustness of proposed distributed consensus mechanism in preventing spectrum sensing data falsification by the malicious nodes.

Key words: blockchain, Internet of spectrum device, distributed consensus mechanism, Byzantine attack

中图分类号:

TN92

杨健,陈曦,丁国如,赵杭生,张林元,孙佳琛. 基于区块链的频谱设备网络中防御拜占庭攻击的分布式共识机制[J]. 通信学报, 2020, 41(3): 1-16.

Jian YANG,Xi CHEN,Guoru DING,Hangsheng ZHAO,Linyuan ZHANG,Jiachen SUN. Blockchain-driven distributed consensus mechanism in defensing Byzantine attack for the Internet of spectrum device[J]. Journal on Communications, 2020, 41(3): 1-16.

图/表 13

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表1

本文共识机制与主流共识机制的比较"

比较项	PoW	PoS	PBFT	Ripple
区块链类型	公有链	公有链	联盟链	联盟链
交易时延	高	低	低	低
交易吞吐率	7笔/秒	100笔/秒	100笔/秒	1500笔/秒
交易终结类型	概率性	概率性	确定性	确定性
是否需要挖矿	是	是	否	否
对恶意攻击的抵御能力	50%以下的算力	50%以下的权益	$\leq ⌊ \frac{n - 1}{3} ⌋$	$\leq ⌊ \frac{n - 1}{5} ⌋$

表1

参考文献 36

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基于区块链的频谱设备网络中防御拜占庭攻击的分布式共识机制

Blockchain-driven distributed consensus mechanism in defensing Byzantine attack for the Internet of spectrum device

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