多地址的时间型区块链隐蔽通信方法研究

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2023026

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对现有的区块时间戳间隔隐藏方法所携带信息量低的问题，提出一种多地址的时间型区块链隐蔽通信方法。首先将密文拆分并由不同的地址来传输，地址的区块时间戳间隔表示密文分片的内容；然后接收方读取并统计这些地址所在区块的间隔；最后组合还原出密文。此外，针对时间型区块链隐蔽通信系统缺少隐蔽措施的问题，还提出了一种调整交易发起时间间隔的方法，以降低因隐蔽通信行为而导致地址呈现特殊性的概率。实验结果验证了在有n个地址参与情况下，所提方法的传输速率比基础时间型区块链隐蔽通信方法提升了约n倍。

关键词: 区块链, 隐蔽通信, 信息隐藏

Abstract:

Aiming at the problem of low amount of information carried by the existing block timestamp interval hiding method, a multi-address time-based blockchain covert communication method was proposed.Firstly, the ciphertext was split and transmitted by different addresses.The content of the ciphertext fragment was represented by the block timestamp interval of the address.Then the interval of the blocks was read and counted by the receiver where these addresses were located.Finally, the ciphertext was restored by combination.In addition, in view of the lack of concealment measures in the time-based blockchain covert communication system, a method of adjusting the time interval of transaction initiation was proposed to reduce the probability of address specificity caused by covert communication behavior.The experimental results verify that the transmission rate of the proposed method is about n times higher than that of the time-based blockchain covert communication method when n addresses are involved.

Key words: blockchain, covert communication, information hiding

中图分类号:

TP309.2

黄冬艳, 李琨. 多地址的时间型区块链隐蔽通信方法研究[J]. 通信学报, 2023, 44(2): 148-159.

Dongyan HUANG, Kun LI. Research on multi-address time-based blockchain covert communication method[J]. Journal on Communications, 2023, 44(2): 148-159.

图/表 17

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表1

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

表2

不同隐蔽通信方法的理论传输速率对比"

方法	传输速率/(bit·block^-1)
地址LSB嵌入型	lbM
多地址时间型	$\frac{m}{\frac{m (1 + M)}{2 n_{A} lb M} + 2}$
基础时间型	$\frac{m}{\frac{m (1 + M)}{2lb M} + 2 s}$

表2

图12

图13

表3

表4

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变量	解释
α	单位时间内单个地址发起交易的概率
n_A	参与隐蔽通信的地址数量
n_B	区块链系统当前有效地址的数量
n_T	区块可承载的交易数量
m	密文长度
t_A	同地址发起交易的时间间隔
t_B	区块链系统完成出块的时间
t_T	区块链系统到达的交易间隔

x	P(x)	G_n(x)	G_e1(x)	G_e2(x)	x	P(x)	G_n(x)	G_e1(x)	G_e2(x)
1	0.104	0.094	0.094	0.094	13	0.032	0.030	0.036	0.033
2	0.094	0.085	0.085	0.085	14	0.029	0.027	0.026	0.030
3	0.085	0.077	0.077	0.077	15	0.026	0.024	0.029	0.028
4	0.077	0.069	0.069	0.069	16	0.024	0.022	0.027	0.026
5	0.070	0.064	0.079	0.071	17	0.021	0.022	0.024	0.025
6	0.063	0.055	0.057	0.063	18	0.019	0.025	0.022	0.023
7	0.057	0.055	0.065	0.058	19	0.018	0.028	0.020	0.020
8	0.052	0.055	0.047	0.053	20	0.016	0.026	0.018	0.018
9	0.047	0.054	0.053	0.048	21	0.014	0.021	0.017	0.017
10	0.042	0.050	0.038	0.043	22	0.013	0.015	0.015	0.016
11	0.038	0.043	0.044	0.039	23	0.012	0.012	0.014	0.015
12	0.035	0.034	0.031	0.035	24	0.011	0.011	0.013	0.013

密文分布方式	K-L散度
正态分布	0.016 4
一次指数分布	0.009 6
两次指数分布	0.005 8

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