车对车三维信道建模及其空-时相关特性分析

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2019115

通信学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 116-127.doi: 10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2019115

车对车三维信道建模及其空-时相关特性分析

曾文波,何怡刚,李兵,时国龙,赵锋

合肥工业大学电气与自动化工程学院，安徽合肥 230009

修回日期:2019-03-05 出版日期:2019-06-25 发布日期:2019-07-04
作者简介:曾文波（1994- ），男，湖南邵阳人，合肥工业大学博士生，主要研究方向为面向智能电网无线传感、无线通信测试关键技术、无线通信、无线传感的理论体系与技术架构、无线通信建模。|何怡刚（1963- ），男，湖南邵阳人，博士，合肥工业大学教授、博士生导师，主要研究方向为智能电网、射频识别技术、通信信道建模与监测、复杂电磁分析与建模、虚拟仪器与智能信号处理。|李兵（1974- ），男，湖南长沙人，博士，合肥工业大学副教授，主要研究方向为智能交通系统、射频识别技术、无线传感器网络和信号处理。|时国龙（1988- ），男，安徽宣城人，合肥工业大学博士生，主要研究方向为无线通信信道建模、智能传感器信号处理、计算机软件和大数据应用。|赵锋（1994- ），男，安徽宿州人，合肥工业大学硕士生，主要研究方向为智能交通系统、射频识别技术、无线传感器网络、信号处理。
基金资助:
国家重大科学仪器设备开发专项基金资助项目(2016YFF0102200);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51637004);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51777050);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51577046);装备预先研究重点基金资助项目(41402040301);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2017JJ2080);中央高校基本科研业务费基金资助项目(JDK16TD01)

3D channel modeling and space-time correlation analysis for V2V communications

ZENG Wenbo,HE Yigang,LI Bing,SHI Guolong,ZHAO Feng

School of Electrical Engineering and Automation,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China

Revised:2019-03-05 Online:2019-06-25 Published:2019-07-04
Supported by:
The Special Funds for The Development of Major Scientific Instrument and Equipment of The State(2016YFF0102200);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(51637004);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(51777050);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(51577046);The Equipment Research Project in Advance(41402040301);The Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2017JJ2080);Fundamental Research Funds for The Central Universities of Ministry of Education of China(JDK16TD01)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对车对车（V2V）通信系统无线传播场景的复杂性，基于几何随机信道建模方法，提出了一种改进的3D MIMO V2V信道参考模型，依据方位角及仰角间确切的几何关系，导出了信道的空-时相关函数及空-多普勒功率谱密度，分析了信道相关特性影响因素。结果表明，信道相关性在非各向同性散射环境下与散射体分布、天线阵列角度密切相关，在各向同性散射环境下受天线阵列仰角影响，高车流密度场景信道空-时相关性明显低于低车流密度场景。同时，使用合理参数计算方法得到对应的仿真模型，仿真结果验证了模型的准确性。所提模型提高了通信系统分析及仿真效率，拓展了V2V信道模型研究及应用。

关键词: 车对车, 多入多出, 空-时相关特性, 三维信道模型

Abstract:

To match complex wireless propagation scenarios,an improved 3D geometry-based stochastic model was proposed for vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communications channel.The exact relationship between the azimuth angle and elevation angle was taken into account and the corresponding space–time correlation function and space–Doppler power spectral density were derived,and the influence of important factors was analyzed.The observations and conclusions show that correlation characteristics is closely related to distribution of the scatterers and the angle of the antenna array under the non-isotropic scattering environment and is affected by the elevation angle of the antenna array under the isotropic scattering environment.And the space-time correlation characteristics in high vehicular traffic density is significantly lower than that in low vehicular traffic density.The corresponding simulation model is also derived by using a reasonable parameter calculation method.The simulation results validate the rationality of proposed model.It greatly improves analysis and simulation efficiency of V2V MIMO system.

Key words: vehicle to vehicle, multiple-input multiple-output, space-time correlation characteristic, 3D channel model

中图分类号:

TN929.5

曾文波,何怡刚,李兵,时国龙,赵锋. 车对车三维信道建模及其空-时相关特性分析[J]. 通信学报, 2019, 40(6): 116-127.

ZENG Wenbo,HE Yigang,LI Bing,SHI Guolong,ZHAO Feng. 3D channel modeling and space-time correlation analysis for V2V communications[J]. Journal on Communications, 2019, 40(6): 116-127.

图/表 21

图1

图2

图3

表1

信道模型相关参数定义"

参数	定义
R_T、R_R	围绕T_X、R_X的球体半径长度
a、D	椭球的半长轴和焦距
δ_T、δ_R	T_X和R_X的天线阵列空间
θ_T、θ_R	T_X和R_X的天线阵列的方位角
ψ_T、ψ_R	T_X和R_X的天线阵列的仰角
v_T、v_R	T_X和R_X的移动速度
$γ_{T} 、 γ_{R}$	T_X和R_X的移动方位角
$α_{T}^{n_{i}} 、 α_{R}^{n_{i}}$	T_X到 $S_{i}^{(n_{i})}$ 的离开方位角和 $S_{i}^{(n_{i})}$ 到R_X的到达方位角
$β_{T}^{n_{i}} 、 β_{R}^{n_{i}}$	T_X到 $S_{1}^{(n_{1})}$ )的离开仰角和 $S_{1}^{(n_{1})}$ 到R_X的到达仰角
α^LoS	LoS分量的到达方位角
$ξ p - q 、 ξ p - n_{i} 、 ξ n_{i} - q 、 ξ n_{1} - n_{2} 、 ξ T - n_{i} 、 ξ n_{i} - R$	T_p—R_q、 $T_{p} — S_{1}^{(n_{1})}$ 、 $S_{1}^{(n_{1})} — R_{q}$ 、 $S_{1}^{(n_{1})} — S_{2}^{(n_{2})}$ 、 $O_{T} — S_{i}^{(n_{i})}$ 、 $S_{i}^{(n_{i})} — O_{R}$ 之间的路径长度

表1

表2

图4~图19参数设置"

图	$\frac{D}{m}$	$\frac{a}{m}$	$R_{r}, \frac{R_{R}}{m}$	θ_T,θ_R	ψ_T,ψ_R	γ_T,γ_R	f_Tmax,f_Rmax	$k_{T}^{S B_{1}}$	$k_{R}^{S B_{2}}$	$k_{R}^{S B_{3}}$	$α_{T_{0}}^{S B_{1}}$	$α_{R_{0}}^{S B_{1}}$	$α_{R_{0}}^{S B_{3}}$	$β_{T_{m}}^{S B_{1}}$	$β_{T_{m}}^{S B_{2}}$	$β_{T_{m}}^{S B_{3}}$
图4	300	400	5	0	0	0	90.86	—	—	—	$\frac{π}{4}$	—	—	$\frac{π}{6}$	—	—
图5	300	400	5	—	—	0	90.86	6	—	—	—	—	—	$\frac{π}{6}$	—	—
图6	300	400	5	—	—	0	90.86	—	—	6	—	—	—	—	—	$\frac{π}{6}$
图7	300	400	5	0	0	0	90.86	—	—	6	—	—	$\frac{π}{4}$	—	—	—
图8	300	400	5	—	—	0	90.86	0	0	0	$\frac{π}{2}$	$\frac{3 π}{2}$	$\frac{3 π}{2}$	$\frac{π}{6}$	$\frac{π}{6}$	$\frac{π}{6}$
图9~图10	300	400	5		0	—	90.86	0、6	0、6	0、6	$\frac{π}{2}$	$\frac{3 π}{2}$	$\frac{3 π}{2}$	$\frac{π}{6}$	$\frac{π}{6}$	$\frac{π}{6}$
图11~图19	300	400	5	0	0	0	90.86	0	0	0	$\frac{π}{2}$	$\frac{3 π}{2}$	$\frac{3 π}{2}$	—	—	—

表2

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

图14

图

图16

图17

图18

图19

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车对车三维信道建模及其空-时相关特性分析

3D channel modeling and space-time correlation analysis for V2V communications

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