无线超可靠低时延通信：关键设计分析与挑战

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2020154

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前超可靠低时延通信（URLLC）研究较碎片化，且侧重于某一点，因此以全景式视角，从应用场景和需求开始，介绍了URLLC相关的系统架构、关键技术和总体解决方案；然后分别对物理层检测性能需求、链路自适应、无线资源管理、端到端分集解决方案以及如何与时间敏感网络集成进行了深入的分析，并对候选方案进行了探讨。希望从广度到深度，对URLLC的理论研究以及如何应用有一个透彻全面的介绍，对其挑战有一个清晰的认识，从而为相关研究和工程技术人员提供借鉴。

关键词: 5G移动通信, 超可靠低时延, 时间敏感网络

Abstract:

The current fragmented ultra reliable and low latency communication (URLLC) research focusing on a certain point was overcome.From the perspective of panoramic view,starting from the application scenarios and requirements,the system architecture,key technologies and solutions of URLLC were analyzed and introduced.Then,the physical layer detection performance requirements,link adaptation,radio resource management,end-to-end diversity solutions and how to integrate with TSN (time sensitive network) were analyzed in depth,and possible candidates were discussed.It hopes to have a thorough and comprehensive understanding of the theoretical research and application of URLLC,and a clear understanding of its challenges,so as to play a key reference for researchers and engineers in the related fields.

Key words: 5G mobile communication, URLLC, TSN

中图分类号:

TN929.5

伏玉笋,杨根科. 无线超可靠低时延通信：关键设计分析与挑战[J]. 通信学报, 2020, 41(8): 187-203.

Yusun FU,Genke YANG. Wireless ultra-reliable and low-latency communication:key design analysis and challenge[J]. Journal on Communications, 2020, 41(8): 187-203.

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常用的调度优先级计算方法"

业务	调度器	调度策略	备注
时延不敏感业务	FIFO	$i * (t) = \underset{i \in K}{\arg \max} (t - D_{i})$	K：总用户数
	RR	$i * (t) = 1, 2, \dots, N, \dots, i$
	MR	$i * (t) = \underset{i \in K}{\arg \max R_{i}} (t)$
	PF	$i * (t) = \underset{i \in K}{\arg \max R_{i}} (t)$
		更一般的为
		$i * (t) = \underset{i \in K}{\arg \max} \frac{{[r_{i} (t)]}^{ξ}}{{[R_{i} (t)]}^{ψ}}$
		$R_{i} (t + 1) = (1 - \frac{1}{T}) R_{i} (t) + \frac{1}{T} r_{i} (t)$	i *(t)：时刻t的调度用户
	PFMR	$i * (t) = \underset{i \in K}{\arg \max} \frac{r_{i} (t)}{R_{i} (t)} e^{a_{i} T_{i} (t)}$	R_i(t)：时刻t用户i的可达速率
		$T_{i} (t + 1) = {\begin{cases} T_{i} (t) + R_{i}^{token} - r_{i} (t) ，被调度 \\ T_{i} (t) + R_{i}^{token} ，其他 \end{cases}$	r_i(t) ：时刻t用户i的瞬时速率
		如果T_i(t)≥0， $R_{i}^{token} = R_{i}^{max}$	ξ、ψ：公平性有关的参数

		如果T_i(t)<0， $R_{i}^{token} = R_{i}^{min}$	T：时间窗口参数
		$R_{i}^{min} \leq R_{i} \leq R_{i}^{max}$	$R_{i}^{max}$ 、 $R_{i}^{min}$ ：用户i的速率范围要求
时延敏感业务	EDF	$i * (t) = \underset{i \in K}{\arg \min} [D_{i}^{QoS} - D_{i} (t - 1)]$	$D_{i}^{QoS}$ ：用户i的QoS时延要求
	M-LWDF	$i * (t) = \underset{i \in K}{\arg \max} δ_{i} D_{i} (t - 1) \frac{r_{i} (t)}{R_{i} (t)}$	D_i(t-1)：用户i在t-1时刻的时延
	M-LWDF	$δ_{i} = \frac{lb {(PLR}_{i}^{QoS})}{D_{i}^{QoS}}$	${PLR}_{i}^{QoS}$ ：用户i的QoS分组丢失率要求
	EXP/PF	$i * (t) = \underset{i \in K}{\arg \max} [\exp \frac{δ_{i} D_{i} (t - 1) - \bar{δ D}}{1 + \sqrt{\bar{δ D}}} \frac{r_{i} (t)}{R_{i} (t)}]$
	EXP/PF	$\bar{δ D} = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{i = 1}^{N} δ_{i} D_{i} (t - 1)$

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高可靠场景	时延/ms	可用性	可靠性	体验速率/（Mbit·s^-1）
离散自动化-运动控制	1	99.999 9%	99.999 9%	1～10
离散自动化	10	99.99%	99.99%	10
过程自动化-远程控制	50	99.999 9%	99.999 9%	1～100
过程自动化-监控	50	99.9%	99.9%	1
配电-中压	25	99.9%	99.9%	10
配电-高压	5	99.999 9%	99.999 9%	10
智能交通系统-回程设施	10	99.999 9%	99.999 9%	10
触觉互动	0.5	99.999%	99.999%	低
远程控制	5	99.999%	99.999%	≤10

参数	值
TTI/ms	1
D_ARQ/ms	15
D_HARQ/ms	4
N/次	5

BLER初始值	1%	10%	20%	30%
时延（只有ARQ）/ms	1.2	2.8	5	7.9
时延（既有HARQ也有ARQ）/ms	1.1	1.5	2	2.6

5G QI^*	资源类型	缺省优先级	分组时延预算/ms	分组错误率	缺省数据突发量	缺省平均窗/ms	应用举例
1		20	100	10^-2	N/A	2 000	会话语音
…	GBR	…	…	…	…	…	…
76		56	500	10^-4	N/A	2 000	“实时”上行流媒体
5		10	100	10^-6	N/A	N/A	IMS信令
…	Non-GBR	…	…	…	…	…	…
80		68	10	10^-6	N/A	N/A	低时延eMBB应用（AR）
82		19	10	10^-4	255	2 000	离散自动化
83	delay critical GBR	22	10	10^-4	1 354	2 000	离散自动化
84		24	30	10^-5	1 354	2 000	智能交通系统
85		21	5	10^-5	255	2 000	配电-高压

类别	用户面QoS管理功能	UE	gNode B	传输网络	UPF
	分组过滤	√（上行）	—	—	√（下行）
	GBR/ARP准入	—	√	—	√
	ARP*优先	—	√	—	√
QoS流承载的功能操作	速度策略	—	√	—	√
	队列管理	√	√	—	—
	上行/下行调度	—	√	—	—
	配置层1、层2协议	—	√	—	—
	将5GQI映射到DSCP	—	√	—	√
传输层，以DSCP**为基础的	队列管理	—	—	√	—
功能操作	上行/下行调度	—	—	√	—