5G若干关键技术评述

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2016130

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

第五代移动通信网络（5G）目前得到了全球企业、研究院所和高校的广泛关注和大量研究。详细介绍和总结了5G的发展历程和国内外研究进展，分析了基于虚拟化的5G网络架构。从无线传输、无线接入、网络这3个角度，深入全面地介绍了5G潜在的关键技术及最新进展，包括大规模多天线、全双工、信道建模与信道编码等，分析了其中一些关键技术的优缺点及未来可研究方向。最后，展望了5G未来发展的重点任务及主要方向。

关键词: 5G, 网络架构, 无线传输, 无线接入, 网络

Abstract:

The fifth-generation (5G) mobile communications system has got extensive attention and research by enter-prises, research institutes and universities of the world at present. The development history and domestic and abroad re-search progresses of 5G were described and summarized in detail. 5G network architecture based on virtualization were analyzed. From wireless transmission, wireless access and network perspectives, the potential key technologies of 5G, in-cluding massive MIMO, full-duplex, channel modeling, channel coding, etc. and their latest progress are introduced comprehensively and thoroughly. Some advantages, disadvantages and future research directions of some key technolo-gies are analyzed. At last, key tasks and main directions of the future development of 5G are prospected.

Key words: 5G, network architecture, wireless transmission, wireless access, network

张平,陶运铮,张治. 5G若干关键技术评述[J]. 通信学报, 2016, 37(7): 15-29.

Ping ZHANG,Yun-zheng TAO,Zhi ZHANG. Survey of several key technologies for 5G[J]. Journal on Communications, 2016, 37(7): 15-29.

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研究结构或组织	标准模型	简述
COST	COST259^[12]	相比于COST 259,COST 273改进了角度特征的建模，而且能适用于更多的场景和更高的传输频段。COST 2100主要提出了散射簇可见区域（CVR, cluster visibility region）的概念来描述移动平台处于不同位置时经历的散射簇数量的变化，进一步精确地描述了信道特性
	COST273^[13]
	COST2100^[14]
3GPP	TR 25.996^[15]	TR 25.996首次给出了基于空间的建模（SCM, spatial channel model），该信道模型适用于中心频率为2 GHz，带宽为5 MHz，包含了城市宏蜂窝、城市微蜂窝以及城市郊区这3个场景，同时可以配置任意的天线阵列。TR 36.814增加了中继（relay）、微微蜂窝（pico cell）以及家庭蜂窝（femto cell）等场景的建模。然后，TR 36.873给出了3D MIMO的信道建模，重点阐述了对俯仰角的建模
	TR 36.814^[16]
	TR 36.873^[17]
WINNER	SCME^[18]	SCME、WINNER I/II、WINNER+基于SCM进行扩展，支持带宽100 MHz，载频2～6GHz，支持的场景多达18种
WINNER	WINNERI/II/+^{[ 19 ]}
ITU	M.2135^[20]	为了评估IMT-Advanced 的性能，在综合了3GPP、IST-WINNER等研究机构的科技成果基础上，提出了M.2135，其适用于带宽20～100 MHz，中心频点450 MHz～5 GHz
METIS	D1.2^[21]	基于WINNER II/+扩展，针对5G信道建模新特性进行了改进，主要方面包括频谱范围、空间连续性、3D、球面波等，适用的中心频率为380 MHz～86 GHz

多址技术	关键技术	优点	缺点
非正交多址接入(NOMA)	1) SIC检测	1) 无明显远近效应%	1) 接收机复杂度高
	1) SIC检测	2) 上行链路的频谱效率提升近20	1) 接收机复杂度高
	2) 功率域复用	3) 下行链路吞吐量提升超过30%	2) 功率域复用技术仍在研究中
稀疏编码多址接入(SCMA)	1) 低密度签名算法	1) 频谱效率提升3倍以上	1) 最优码的设计和实现比较难
	2) 高维调制技术	2) 上行链路系统容量比OFDM系统提升2.8倍	1) 最优码的设计和实现比较难
	3) 通过MPA进行近似最优检测	3) 相较于 OFDMA，下行链路小区的吞吐量提升5%，平均增益提升8%	2) 用户间干扰增加
图分多址接入(PDMA)	1) 合适复杂度的SIC的联合/整体设计	1) 下行链路频谱效率提升1.5倍	1) 图样的设计和最优化的实现较难
图分多址接入(PDMA)	2) 低复杂度最大似然SIC检测	2) 下行链路系统容量提升2～3倍	2) 用户间干扰增加
多用户共享接入(MUSA)	1) SIC检测	1) 较低的块出错率	1) 传输信号的设计比较难
	2) 复数域多元码	1) 较低的块出错率	1) 传输信号的设计比较难
	3) 叠加编码和叠加信号扩展技术	2) 支持大规模的用户接入量	2) 用户间干扰增加