基于量子遗传算法的无线视频传感网络优化覆盖算法

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2015152

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对智慧城市无线视频传感网络建设需要，提出一种基于量子遗传算法的网络优化覆盖算法。算法面向复杂的监视区场景，监视区中存在形状各异的障碍物，各区域的重要程度不同。以二维离散网格模型描述监视区场景，用编码描述矩阵表示监视区域，用七元组描述有向无线视频传感器。通过严格的数学推导得出了问题的数学规划模型。优化覆盖算法由IntialDeployment算法和OptimizedDeployment算法2部分组成，以获得最大有效覆盖率的网络部署方案为求解目标。采用量子遗传算法搜索解空间，通过合理编码染色体，优化量子旋转门参数，使算法的运算速度快，收敛性好。引入理想覆盖率和理想加权覆盖率2个极限值，采用相对比较法评判算法优劣。仿真实验和数据分析表明，算法获得的方案能很好地逼近理想极限值。在传感器节点数给定的情况下，算法能获得最大的覆盖率。

关键词: 无线视频传感网络, 有向感知模型, 量子遗传算法, 优化覆盖算法, 理想覆盖率

Abstract:

According to the construction needs of the smart city wireless video sensor network,an optimized network coverage algorithm based on quantum genetic algorithm is proposed.The algorithm fits in with complicated monitoring scene which has some different obstacles and different degree of importance.The monitoring region is depicted by two-dimensional discrete grid model,and the discrete grid model is represented by a code description matrix.The directional wireless video sensor is described by a seven-tuples.The mathematical programming model of the coverage problem is obtained by strict mathematical derivation.The optimized coverage algorithm is comprised by IntialDeployment and OptimizedDeployment algorithms,which takes the maximum coverage rate network deployment scheme as the solving goal.The quantum genetic algorithm with reasonable chromosome coding and optimized quantum rotation gate parameter is used to search the solution space,which has a good convergence rate and a fast computation speed.Two limit values of ideal coverage rate and ideal weighted coverage rate are introduced to evaluate the algorithm by the way of relative comparison.The result of simulation experiments and data analyses show that the solutions worked out by the algorithm can well approximate the ideal limit value.When the number of sensor nodes is given,the algorithm can obtain the maximum effective coverage rate.

Key words: wireless video sensor network, directional sensing model, quantum genetic algorithm, optimized coverage algorithm, ideal coverage rate

樊富有,杨国武,乐千桤,吕凤毛,赵超. 基于量子遗传算法的无线视频传感网络优化覆盖算法[J]. 通信学报, 2015, 36(6): 94-104.

Fu-you FAN,Guo-wu YANG,Qian-qi LE,Feng-mao LV,Chao ZHAO. Optimized coverage algorithm of wireless video sensor network based on quantum genetic algorithm[J]. Journal on Communications, 2015, 36(6): 94-104.

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仿真对象	仿真项目	第1组	第2组	第3组
	区域范围/m	500×500	500×500	500×500
	区域面积/m²	250 000	250 000	250 000
	障碍物个数	14	10	10
	障碍物面积/m²	24 030	15 891	15 891
监视区	重点监视区域个数	2	2	1
	重点监视区面积/m²	4 810	4 810	1 089
	重点监视区权值w	2	3	5
	空旷区面积/m²	225 970	229 299	229 299
	离散化单位/m	1	1	1

仿真对象	仿真项目	第1组	第2组	第3组	第4组
	有效视距/m	40	40	40	30
	通信半径/m	100	100	100	100
视频传感器节点	节点视角	π/3	π/3	π/2	2π/3
	覆盖面积/m²	837	837	1 256	942
	节点数/个	50	200	300	400

节点个数	迭代次数	实际覆盖率	与理想覆盖率之比	实际加权覆盖率	与理想加权覆盖率之比
	0	14.57%	78.39%	14.51%	71.56%
	300	17.06%	91.75%	17.00%	83.84%
50
	600	18.19%	97.86%	18.62%	91.80%
	800	18.39%	98.90%	19.28%	95.06%

节点个数	理想覆盖率	理想加权覆盖率
50	18.59%	20.28%
100	37.17%	38.48%
200	74.35%	74.88%
250	92.93%	93.08%
300	111.52%	111.28%