基于二维码和可逆可视水印的图像隐私保护方案

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2019220

Abstract

Abstract:

With the privacy leakage problem of image delivery in networks,an image privacy preservation scheme based on QR code and reversible visible watermarking was proposed.In order to preserve the privacy information including shooting time,shooting location and detailed description,the encrypted privacy information was stored in cloud platforms and corresponding universal resource locator was generated firstly.Secondly,the universal resource locator was encoded as the QR code and it was embedded into the cover image using reversible visible watermarking.Therefore,the access control for privacy information could be achieved.The visual perceptual model was utilized to select adaptive watermark embedding parameters to balance watermark visibility and marked image quality.Experimental results demonstrate that the good visual quality of marked images can be obtained and the embedded QR code can be correctly decoded.The proposed scheme can guarantee marked image quality and reduce the risk of private information leakage.

Key words: QR code, reversible data hiding, visible watermarking, privacy preservation

CLC Number:

TP309.2

Yuanzhi YAO,Feng WANG,Wenbo YAN,Nenghai YU. Image privacy preservation scheme based on QR code and reversible visible watermarking[J]. Journal on Communications, 2019, 40(11): 65-75.

Figures/Tables 16

References 26

[1]	李凤华, 李晖, 贾焰 ,等. 隐私计算研究范畴及发展趋势[J]. 通信学报, 2016,37(4): 1-11.
	LI F H , LI H , JIA Y ,et al. Privacy computing:concept,connotation and its research trend[J]. Journal on Communications, 2016,37(4): 1-11.
[2]	中国互联网信息中心. 第43次中国互联网发展状况统计报告[R].(2019-02-28)[2019-07-08].
	China Internet Network Information Center. The 43rd China statistical report on internet development[R].(2019-02-28)[2019-07-08].
[3]	李维皓, 曹进, 李晖 . 基于位置服务隐私自关联的隐私保护方案[J]. 通信学报, 2019,40(5): 57-66.
	LI W H , CAO J , LI H . Privacy self-correlation privacy-preserving scheme in LBS[J]. Journal on Communications, 2019,40(5): 57-66.
[4]	王新宇, 牛犇, 李凤华 ,等. APP隐私泄露风险评估与保护方案[J]. 通信学报, 2019,40(5): 13-23.
	WANG X Y , NIU B , LI F H ,et al. Risk assessing and priva-cy-preserving scheme for privacy leakage in APP[J]. Journal on Communications, 2019,40(5): 13-23.
[5]	严文博, 姚远志, 张卫明 ,等. 基于二维码和信息隐藏的物流系统隐私保护方案[J]. 网络与信息安全学报, 2017,3(11): 22-28.
	YAN W B , YAO Y Z , ZHANG W M ,et al. Privacy-preserving scheme for logistics systems based on 2D code and information hiding[J]. Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security, 2017,3(11): 22-28.
[6]	MOHANTY S P , RAMAKRISHNAN K R , KANKANHALLI M S . A DCT domain visible watermarking technique for images[C]// International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. IEEE, 2000: 1029-1032.
[7]	SHI Y Q , LI X , ZHANG X ,et al. Reversible data hiding:advances in the past two decades[J]. IEEE Access, 2016,4: 3210-3237.
[8]	HU Y , JEON B . Reversible visible watermarking and lossless recovery of original images[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 2006,16(11): 1423-1429.
[9]	YIP S K , AU O C , HO C W ,et al. Lossless visible watermarking[C]// International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. IEEE, 2006: 853-856.
[10]	TSAI H M , Chang L W . A high secure reversible visible watermarking scheme[C]// International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. IEEE, 2007: 2106-2109.
[11]	LIU T Y , TSAI W H . Generic lossless visible watermarking—a new approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2010,19(5): 1224-1235.
[12]	YANG Y , SUN X , YANG H ,et al. A contrast-sensitive reversible visible image watermarking technique[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 2009,19(5): 656-667.
[13]	MOHAMMAD N , SUN X , YANG H ,et al. Lossless visible watermarking based on adaptive circular shift operation for BTC-compressed images[J]. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 2017,76(11): 13301-13313.
[14]	LIN Y K , YANG C H , TSAI J T . More secure lossless visible watermarking by DCT[J]. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 2018,77(7): 8579-8601.
[15]	YAO Y , ZHANG W , WANG H ,et al. Content-adaptive reversible visible watermarking in encrypted images[J]. Signal Processing, 2019,164: 386-401.
[16]	HUANG H C , CHANG F C , FANG W C . Reversible data hiding with histogram-based difference expansion for QR code applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2011,57(2): 779-787.
[17]	FRAGOSO-NAVARRO E , CEDILLO-HERNáNDEZ M, M , NAKANO-MIYATAKE M . Visible watermarking assessment metrics based on just noticeable distortion[J]. IEEE Access, 2018,6: 75767-75788.
[18]	GAO X , LU W , TAO D ,et al. Image quality assessment based on multiscale geometric analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2009,18(7): 1409-1423.
[19]	WU H R , REIBMAN A R , LIN W ,et al. Perceptual visual signal compression and transmission[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2013,101(9): 2025-2043.
[20]	LIU A , LIN W , PAUL M ,et al. Just noticeable difference for images with decomposition model for separating edge and textured regions[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 2010,20(11): 1648-1652.
[21]	WU J , LIN W , SHI G ,et al. Pattern masking estimation in image with structural uncertainty[J]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2013,22(12): 4892-4904.
[22]	WU J , LI L , DONG W ,et al. Enhanced just noticeable difference model for images with pattern complexity[J]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2017,26(6): 2682-2693.
[23]	SACHNEV V , KIM H J , NAM J ,et al. Reversible watermarking algorithm using sorting and prediction[J]. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, 2009,19(7): 989-999.
[24]	WANG Z , BOVIK A C , SHEIKH H R ,et al. Image quality assessment:from error visibility to structural similarity[J]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2004,13(4): 600-612.
[25]	MENEZES A J , VAN OORSCHOT P C , VANSTONE S A . Handbook of applied cryptography[M]. CRC Press, 1996.
[26]	荣辉桂, 莫进侠, 常炳国 ,等. 基于Shamir秘密共享的密钥分发与恢复算法[J]. 通信学报, 2015,36(3): 265-274.
	RONG H G , MO J X , CHANG B G ,et al. Key distribution and recovery algorithm based on Shamir’s secret sharing[J]. Journal on Communications, 2015,36(3): 265-274.

Metrics

Recommended 0

No Suggested Reading articles found!

图像像素						嵌入参数α_i,j
图像像素	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.9	1.0
水印像素w_i,j =255	0	216	864	1 945	3 457	5 402	7 779	10 588	13 830	17 503	21 609
水印像素w_i,j =0	0	117	467	1 050	1 866	2 916	4 199	5 715	7 465	9 448	11 664

载体图像	Huang等算法		Mohammad等算法		Yao等算法		本文提出的算法
载体图像	PSNR	SSIM	PSNR	SSIM	PSNR	SSIM	PSNR	SSIM
Jetplane	18.445	0.793 1	23.201	0.943 6	27.401	0.954 3	26.750	0.976 5
Lena	17.146	0.755 0	22.493	0.941 2	25.746	0.944 7	27.903	0.974 5
Living room	17.482	0.795 7	21.500	0.935 2	25.892	0.945 6	29.692	0.975 1
Mandril	18.939	0.867 5	21.827	0.934 0	28.159	0.945 1	29.008	0.973 7
Peppers	17.325	0.746 2	21.810	0.940 3	26.791	0.944 3	28.755	0.973 7
Woman	17.400	0.800 8	21.471	0.935 4	26.069	0.938 1	28.269	0.972 5
均值	17.790	0.793 1	22.050	0.938 3	26.676	0.945 4	28.396	0.974 3
标准差	0.725	0.043 0	0.673	0.003 9	0.958	0.005 2	1.015	0.001 4

载体图像	Huang等算法		Mohammad等算法		Yao等算法		本文提出的算法
载体图像	PSNR	SSIM	PSNR	SSIM	PSNR	SSIM	PSNR	SSIM
Jetplane	11.736	0.554 3	17.990	0.786 8	21.734	0.818 8	18.102	0.857 6
Lena	11.062	0.435 1	17.099	0.773 9	20.132	0.795 1	20.456	0.853 9
Living room	11.460	0.560 5	16.787	0.774 6	20.770	0.808 4	21.069	0.858 8
Mandril	11.644	0.647 1	16.591	0.753 5	21.486	0.804 8	19.389	0.851 8
Peppers	11.657	0.471 1	16.411	0.774 3	21.510	0.783 5	21.034	0.853 9
Woman	12.103	0.539 9	16.711	0.766 9	21.597	0.783 8	20.686	0.854 6
均值	11.610	0.534 7	16.932	0.771 7	21.205	0.799 1	20.123	0.855 1
标准差	0.342	0.074 4	0.567	0.011 0	0.624	0.014 1	1.164	0.002 6

载体图像	均值	标准差
Jetplane	0.313	0.244
Lena	0.243	0.195
Living room	0.211	0.185
Mandril	0.304	0.254
Peppers	0.25	0.218
Woman	0.217	0.175

载体图像	均值	标准差
Jetplane	0.258	0.234
Lena	0.216	0.21
Living room	0.19	0.197
Mandril	0.224	0.221
Peppers	0.197	0.192
Woman	0.214	0.194

Image privacy preservation scheme based on QR code and reversible visible watermarking

RichHTML

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 16

References 26

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Recommended 0

[1]	Youqing WU, Wenjing MA, Zhaoxia YIN, Yinyin PENG, Xinpeng ZHANG. Reversible data hiding in encrypted image based on bit-plane compression of prediction error [J]. Journal on Communications, 2022, 43(8): 219-230.
[2]	Chen FANG, Yuanbo GUO, Yifeng WANG, Yongjin HU, Jiali MA, Han ZHANG, Yangyang HU. Edge computing privacy protection method based on blockchain and federated learning [J]. Journal on Communications, 2021, 42(11): 28-40.
[3]	Qinglei ZHOU,Shaohuan BAN,Yingjie HAN,Feng FENG. Mimic defense authentication method for physical access control [J]. Journal on Communications, 2020, 41(6): 80-87.
[4]	Zhu WANG,Kun HE,Xinyu WANG,Ben NIU,Fenghua LI. Traffic characteristic based privacy leakage assessment scheme for Android device [J]. Journal on Communications, 2020, 41(2): 155-164.
[5]	Weihao LI,Jin CAO,Hui LI. Privacy self-correlation privacy-preserving scheme in LBS [J]. Journal on Communications, 2019, 40(5): 57-66.
[6]	Yatao YANG,Xinguang HAN,Jierun HUANG,Yang ZHAO. Bidirectional authentication key agreement protocol supporting identity’s privacy preservation based on RLWE [J]. Journal on Communications, 2019, 40(11): 180-186.
[7]	Xi YIN,Weiqing HUANG. Research on color QR code watermarking technology based on chaos theory [J]. Journal on Communications, 2018, 39(7): 50-58.
[8]	Xiaoying ZHANG,Hui PENG,Hong CHEN. State-of-the-art survey of privacy-preserving data aggregation in wireless sensor networks [J]. Journal on Communications, 2018, 39(10): 130-142.
[9]	Chang-li ZHOU,Hui TIAN,Chun-guang MA,Song-tao YANG. Research on LBS privacy preservation based on pseudorandom permutation in road network [J]. Journal on Communications, 2017, 38(6): 19-29.
[10]	Jia-hui WANG,Chuan-yi LIU,Bin-xing FANG. Survey on data preserving for the search of internet of things [J]. Journal on Communications, 2016, 37(9): 142-153.
[11]	Xiao-qian LIU,Qian-mu LI. Differentially private data release based on clustering anonymization [J]. Journal on Communications, 2016, 37(5): 125-129.
[12]	Jian-gao LUO,Guo-qiang HAN,Yan WO. Novel reversible data hiding based on difference expansion [J]. Journal on Communications, 2016, 37(2): 54-63.
[13]	Chao LI,Li-hua YIN,Kui GENG,Bin-xing FANG. Location privacy preservation approach towards to content sharing on mobile online social network [J]. Journal on Communications, 2016, 37(11): 31-41.
[14]	Yong-hao GU,Jiu-chuan LIN. Privacy-utility tradeoff method using multi-variable source coding [J]. Journal on Communications, 2015, 36(12): 172-177.
[15]	Xiao-hong DENG,Zhi-gang CHEN,Di-qing LIANG,Yi-min MAO. Region-based lossless data hiding with high capacity for medical images [J]. Journal on Communications, 2015, 36(1): 189-198.