区块链技术研究综述：原理、进展与应用

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2020027

Abstract

Abstract:

Blockchain is a kind of distributed ledger technology that upgrades to a complete storage system by adding logic control functions such as intelligent contracts.With the changes of its classification,service mode and application requirements,the core technology forms of Blockchain show diversified development.In order to understand the Blockchain ecosystem thoroughly,a hierarchical technology architecture of Blockchain was proposed.Furthermore,each layer of blockchain was analyzed from the perspectives of basic principle,related technologies and research progress in-depth.Moreover,the technology selections and characteristics of typical Blockchain projects were summarized systematically.Finally,some application directions of blockchain frontiers,technology challenges and research prospects including Smart Cities and Industrial Internet were given.

Key words: blockchain, cryptocurrency, decentralization, hierarchical technology architecture, technology diversity

CLC Number:

TP393

Shiqin ZENG, Ru HUO, Tao HUANG, Jiang LIU, Shuo WANG, Wei FENG. Survey of blockchain:principle,progress and application[J]. Journal on Communications, 2020, 41(1): 134-151.

Figures/Tables 10

References 69

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技术选型	Corda	Quorum	Libra	Blockstack	Filecoin	Zcash
控制合约	Kotlin,Java	GO	Move	Clarity非图灵完备	非图灵完备	非图灵完备
执行环境	JVM	EVM	MVM	源码编译	源码编译	源码编译
处理模型	链上	链上/链下（私有数据）	链上	链下（虚拟链）	链下（IPFS）	链上
奖惩机制	—	—	Libra coins	Stacks token	Filecoin	Zcash/Turnstiles
共识算法	Notary 机制/RAFT,BFT-SMaRt	Quorum-Chain,RAFT	LibraBFT	Tunable Proofs,proof-of-burn	PoRep,PoET	PoW
信息模型	UTXO	基于账户	基于账户	基于账户	基于账户	UTXO
关联验证结构	散列算法MKT	散列算法MPT	散列算法MKT	散列算法Merklized Adaptive Radix Forest (MARF)	散列算法MKT	散列算法MKT
加密机制	Tear-offs机制、混合密钥	基于Enclave	SHA3-256/EdDSA	基于Gaia/Blockstack Auth	SECP256K1/BLS	zk-SNARK
组网方式	混合型	结构化	混合型	无结构	结构化/无结构	无结构
通信机制	AMQP1.0/单点传播	Wire/Gossip	Noise-ProtocolFramework/Gossip	Atlas/Gossip	Libp2p/Gossip	Bitcoin-Core/Gossip
安全机制	Corda加密套件/TLS	证书/HTTPS	Diffie-Hellman	Secure Backbone	TLS	Tor
区块链类型	许可链	许可链	许可链	非许可链	非许可链	非许可链
特点	只允许对实际参与给定交易的各方进行信息访问和验证功能	基于以太坊网络提供公共交易和私有交易2种交互渠道	稳定、快速的交易网络	剔除中心服务商的、可扩展的分布式数据存储设施，旨在保护隐私数据	激励机制驱动的存储资源共享生态	基于比特币网络提供零知识证明的隐私保护
应用场景	金融业务平台	分布式应用	加密货币	互联网基础设施	文件存储与共享	加密货币

Survey of blockchain:principle,progress and application

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