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25 November 2006, Volume 27 Issue 11

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CSCW review

Boosting creativity of CSCW research: survey and trend analysis

Yong XIANG,Shao-hua ZHANG,Mei-lin SHI

2006, 27(11):  1-6.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0001-06

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In order to rely the demands for collaboration technology in information society, current situation of CSCW research both in domestic and abroad was analyzed, CSCW should take a synthetic methodology which combines tech-nological, social and economics plane for research and developing applications. The most important and necessary factors for facilitating the evolution and innovation of CSCW research are better understanding of requirements, powerful and appropriate technical support and feasible business model.

CSCW architecture and model

Workflow-oriented organizational memory description model and implementation

Gui-ling WANG,Shao-hua ZHANG,Mei-lin SHI

2006, 27(11):  7-13.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0007-07

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In order to capture knowledge and information of the organization and embed it into the process for knowledge intensive workflow, a workflow-oriented organizational memory description model was proposed. A mapping tool which transforms an ontology–based organizational memory description model into an object-oriented model was designed. Then the implementation architecture of workflow-oriented organizational memory is introduced. It delivers information according to workflow context, supports integration of semantic web content and provides toolkit which potentially caters to traditional workflow developers. The model and implementation have the capability of context-awareness, integration ability and higher-usability.

Effects of multiple spatial perspectives and mutual awareness on collaborative object manipulation

Ling CHEN,Xiang-yu1 GU,Gen-cai CHEN

2006, 27(11):  14-18.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0014-05

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A virtual tank collaborative object manipulation (COM) system was developed. The effects of different multi-ple perspectives modes (multiple, homogeneous, and single) and mutual awareness modes (viewshare, verbal, and none) on the efficiency of COM were studied under different tasks in the system. Results indicate that the effects of different multiple perspectives modes and mutual awareness modes are tightly related to collaborative tasks. With a particular col-laborative task, the efficiency of COM can be greatly improved with properly designed multiple perspectives mode and mutual awareness mode.

Study on a service-oriented platform for business process orchestration and integration

Bo JING,ONGJing D,HIMei-lin2 S

2006, 27(11):  19-23.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0019-05

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To synthesize existing IT resources and make them integrated and cooperative to gain maximum benefit, an architecture for business process orchestration and integration was put forward based on the philosophy of ser-vice-oriented architecture (SOA). According to the architecture proposed, a platform was implemented using ser-vice-oriented technology. Real-world application shows that the platform can meet the current industry needs well.

Cooperative awareness model based on information visualization

Xiao-ping LIU,Hui SHI,Zheng-qiang MAO

2006, 27(11):  24-30.  doi:000-436X(2006)11-0024-07

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In order to improve the intuition and interaction of cooperative awareness, a cooperative awareness model was proposed based on information visualization. The model mapped the awareness object and awareness mode under the help of awareness granularity and range of awareness. Several graphic information visualization methods including proc-ess line, task precedence graph, mind graph, role distributing graph were also introduced to support the awareness infor-mation communication. The validity of the model was proved in cooperative template modeling system. This cooperative awareness model gives more heuristic interaction in cooperative design, and improves the communication and coopera-tion during procedure.

Trust based cooperative system formation and evolution

Wei WANG,Guo-sun1 ZENG,IUTao L

2006, 27(11):  31-35.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0031-05

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Referring to the trust relationship models of social people, the trustworthiness of agents was evaluated by util-izing Bayesian method, and a kind of trust mechanism-based multi-agent cooperation system was presented. By updating the trust-based connection between agents, a robust multi-agent cooperation system was formed. The main properties of the proposed cooperative system were analyzed based on random graph model. Simulations prove that the proposed co-operation model can not only improve the efficiency of cooperation of agents and increase the ratio of successful execu-tion of tasks, but also cluster nodes around the trustworthy nodes which have the strong ability of providing resource and assurance the reliability of cooperative agent selection.

Using OWL time ontology for workflow modeling and verification

Qing HE,Yong TANG,Yong-zhao HUANG

2006, 27(11):  36-41.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0036-06

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A workflow model was introduced based on OWL time ontology. Through introducing OWL time ontology into the description of workflow model, the temporal information and temporal constraints could be easily depicted. In-ference engine could examine whether the temporal constraints in the workflow was satisfied when rules based on ontol-ogy be added in the workflow management system. Similarly, inference engine could also examine the consistency and validity of workflow information automatically.

Research and application of common model in the cooperation synthetical forecast IGDSS

Chao-zhen GUO,Zhi-hong LIN,Kun GUO

2006, 27(11):  42-47.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0042-06

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The characters of negotiatory synthetical IGDSS for natural disaster forecasts was analyed. A general model in the forecast IGDSS which takes intelligent decision methods as special forecast experts was presented. The research chooses earthquake forecast as the application background. According to the principles of earthquake forecast and the general model in the negotiatory synthetical forecast IGDSS, the design and the implementation of the model using Bayesian networks as the intelligent decision method in the earthquake forecast IGDSS were mainly demonstrated. An analyzer for Bayesian networks whose inference module was based on improved bucket tree eliminating algorithm was developed. A complete method that using this general model to solve the problems in the earthquake forecast was de-scribed, and this system had been successfully applied in the earthquake administration of Fujian province.

Collaborative theory and technology

Disturbance stability of dynamic multi-agent collaboration coalition

Zheng-ai BIAN,Jun-zhou LUO,Ai-bo SONG

2006, 27(11):  48-54.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0048-07

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The utility function of individual agent and the characteristic function of agent coalition were proposed and the existence of core solution among the coalition game was proved. In order to avoid the difficulty of the calculation of core solution, the competitive equilibrium in the non-cooperative game theory was introduced and it could be proved that the competitive equilibrium solution belongs to the core solution set. Bases on the above ideas and the Lyapunov stability theory, the disturbance stability of competitive equilibrium points in two kinds of agent collaboration models were ana-lyzed.

Model based multi-devices user interface design

Shi-hong FENG,Xu-dong LU,Jian-cheng WAN

2006, 27(11):  55-59.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0055-05

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A multi-devices user interface (MDUI) model was built according to the model driven architecture (MDA), which included platform independent models (PIM) and platform specific models (PSM). Based on model transformation rules, which made such steps generate UIs as the description for UI(user interface) elements and their interaction relations, the specification for different presentation rules and the construction for UI layout trees of different devices. These all make possible the interaction modeling and design for different devices.

Research of service composite oriented access control

Gao-feng JI,Yong TANG,Xiao-ling LIU,Sheng YI

2006, 27(11):  60-66.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0060-07

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The implement of access controls in the BPEL-based process was talken about, the existing task-based access control model was extented, the definition of authorization unit was modified and new types of authorization units were added. Moreover the mapping from the process defined by BPEL to TBAC model was implemented and an approach of us-ing TBAC in BPEL was put forward. The future work was pointed out in the end.

Research of business process management system based on ontology

Mei-rong CAO,Qing YAO

2006, 27(11):  67-72.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0067-06

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The ontology idea in the field of the business process management was adopted, the construction of the busi-ness process ontology was discussed. Construction of the basic concept model of business process was introduced, and formally the process ontology was describled in OWL language through an example of the borrow process of electronic document management. A method of information retrieval was also proposed based on Jena,and the reasoning mechanism of Jena and syntax of constructing the reasoning rules were discussed, and the use of Jena in the information retrieval through an example was specified.

Acquiring users' requirements based on process semantic database under smart process application model

Zong-min SHANG,Hai-yang WANG

2006, 27(11):  73-77.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0073-05

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In order to generate a personal process automatically to meet users' requirements, a new approach was pro-posed to acquire users' personal requirements on the basic of the smart process application model. A new type of service, meta-service was defined by generalizing the activities in business processes, and several meta-services constituted the process semantic database. Then, an algorithm based on the process semantic database was proposed to help users input-ting requirements quickly and accurately. The theoretic analysis and application results reveal that the algorithm can im-prove the accuracy and efficiency of acquiring users' requirements.

Workflow engine on top of temporal relational algebra

Yong TANG,Zi-cong CHEN,Yan PAN,Gao-feng JI

2006, 27(11):  78-83.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0078-06

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When faced with ubiquitous temporalities in WfMS, the back-end DBMS cannot handle well. This fact results in the processings of temporal information in workflow engines, the heart of WfMS. An architecture in which WfMS was built upon the platform of temporal database was proposed. The research on description of temporal infomation by tem-poral relational algebra revealed the advantages of the proposing architecture. In the end, an example was brought for-ward to show how the workflow processing was conducted in this architecture.

Fuzzy control-based heuristic algorithm for load balancing in workflow engine

Yi DAI,Jian CAO

2006, 27(11):  84-89.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0084-06

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In order to achieving load balancing in a distributed WFMS, a heuristic algorithm based on fuzzy control was proposed. The algorithm applied the fuzzy control and heuristic theory to the load balancing in workflow engine. It was implemented in a prototype on the JINI platform, and also was compared with some other algorithms such as random and round-robin. The experiment shows it has better performance.

Study on concurrency control mechanism supporting cooperative design under open environment

Qiu-ling GAN,Tao-shen LI

2006, 27(11):  90-95.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0090-06

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Based on the analysis of the disadvantages of the present distributed concurrency control protocol, a concur-rency control protocol for cooperative design transaction in open environment was proposed. Under the new protocol, read-only transaction and update transaction was distinguished. The former abided the multiversion timestamp ordering protocol, while that of the latter followed the multi-granularity locking mechanism based on ordered sharing locks.The new protocol not only made user's query quickly, but also enhanced concurrency of cooperative transaction effectively. The experiment shows that the new protocol is fit for the open environment that supports cooperative design.

Collaborative work in the new network environment

MOM-S: message-oriented middleware based on Web service

Chun-yu MIAO,Mei-lin SHI,Jin-lei JIANG

2006, 27(11):  96-100.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0096-05

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Traditional message-oriented middleware (MOM) were based on specifically operating systems or developing suites. Most of them had tightly coupled architectures, and had private communicating protocols, which were not com-patible with each other. Therefore, these MOMs were weakening in expansibility and flexibility. The design and imple-mentation of MOM-S, a message-oriented middleware which was based on service-oriented architecture (SOA)were out-lined. By the supporting of SOA, MOM-S was not only upgraded the flexibility of traditional MOM, such as services ex-tension and reconstruction, but also enhanced the transmission‘s reliability. MOM-S also supported multicast, broadcast and route of messages, and would be extended to support different protocols of traditional MOMs. In the end, the per-formance of MOM-S was constrasted with a example MOM, together with an application of MOM-S, the conclusion that MOM-S had a wider future was made.

Tuple space based grid workflow scheduling mechanism

Hou-quan LIU,Li WANG

2006, 27(11):  101-105.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0101-05

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In order to meet the flexibility and multiplicity of the interactions in the process of grid workflow scheduling, a workflow scheduling mechanism based on extended tuple space was proposed. The extended tuple space introduced a concept of interaction channel and added the triggering and filtering rules. Demonstrations and study of the examples showed that this workflow scheduling mechanism made tuples operation more direct and secure. Employing the archi-tecture and programming interface of the mechanism is beneficial to balance the openness and protection of information in the process of workflow scheduling.

Extend BPEL4WS with semantic-based dynamic service process refinement

Yu-zhu SHEN,Yong XIANG,Shao-hua ZHANG,Jin-lei JIANG,Mei-lin SHI

2006, 27(11):  106-113.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0106-07

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More and more enterprises are adopting the service-oriented architecture to build their information infrastruc-tures and implement their business processes through orchestrating Web services. However, as the current industry stan-dard for business process modeling, BPEL4WS can only provide limited support for runtime dynamics; thus it can not adapt to diverse and rapidly changing business requirements. To address this issue, a semantic-based dynamic process re-finement mechanism based on BPEL4WS and its execution engine was proposed. BPEL4WS was extended via adding a new activity type, referred to as GOAL, as well as a semantic description of business process, referred to as process pro-file. The BPEL4WS execution engine was also extended to execute business processes with GOAL activities, by match-ing and binding a sub-process for a GOAL activity according to the GOAL description and data content.

POWER: knowledge-rich framework for intelligent grid workflow

Shao-hua ZHANG,Yong XIANG,Yu-zhu SHEN,Jin-lei JIANG,Mei-lin SHI

2006, 27(11):  113-119.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0125-09

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Currently, AI planning technology has been utilized for workflow construction in some researches. However, the lack of explicit knowledge affected its scalability and significance in grid workflow. A pattern-oriented planning ap-proach for automated workflow generation was proposed by utilizing application level knowledge. Then, a grid workflow framework adopting pattern-oriented planning approach, was devised as an attempt to build a knowledge-rich, goal-driven, scalable workflow framework for wide-range applications.

Robust distributed data retrieval in data intensive grid environments

Wei YE,Ning GU

2006, 27(11):  119-124.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0119-06

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In order to ensure data availability in data intensive grid environment, by adding data replicas, a solution that stripes large files into data blocks and distributes over data nodes for storage was proposed, and a mechanism for auto-matic data replication of nodes was desighed. Preliminary simulation experiments show that our approach is effective in improving data availability with limited increase of system costs.

Mesh-based resource discovery framework in grid environment

Li-sha GAO,Jun-zhou LUO,Fang DONG,Ai-bo SONG

2006, 27(11):  125-133.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0113-06

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In order to improve resource discovery efficiency in current dynamic and heterogeneous grid environment, a mesh-based resource discovery framework was discussed, which combined the advantages of centralized and Peer-to-Peer frameworks. The model introduced the concept of super-node and divided querying process into local search and global search besides a center-node. Thus the overhead of querying was cut down. Theoretical analysis and experi-ment show that this model performs scalable and efficient in grid environment.

Grid dynamic resource self-maintenance mechanism based on multi-agent

Guo-min ZHANG,Ming CHEN,Na WANG

2006, 27(11):  134-138.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0134-05

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Abstract: In order to detect and deal with the anomaly of resource in large-scale grid applications in time, a multi-agent dynamic resource self-maintenance mechanism (MADOM) was proposed. The concept of monitoring domain and master agent was defined. Global resource view could be acquired through interaction among inter-domain master agents. Based on the view, resource maintenance action could be taken to ensure the resource state consistency. Analysis results show that MADOM can not only improve scalability and reliability of distributed application system, but also has low spatial complexity and message complexity. Therefore it is capable of supporting any large scale distributed application.

Autonomic computing approach for task distribution in heterogeneous computational grid

Tao LIU,Guo-sun ZENG,Chang-jun WU

2006, 27(11):  139-143.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0139-05

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Firstly, heterogeneity of gird was featured and key computing field of grid was defined, in addition, its parti-tion algorithm was presented. The task distribution mechanism based on multi-agent systems was described and diverse tasks distribution in areas of grid was analyzed with autonomous agents moving by different policies. Control theory methods were used to accelerate the appropriate distribution of agents in order to take advantage of the heterogeneity of key computing fields. Experiments demonstrate that the task distribution mechanism proposed can self-configure and self-optimize, also it can adapt to the heterogeneity of grid environment dynamically.

Research on distance education system based on CDN technology

Ming PANG,Qing-ping TAN,Hai-yan LI

2006, 27(11):  144-147.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0144-04

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A integrated solution of distance education system based on CDN technology was proposed and some key points in system implementation were discussed. The system had been already run in the large concurrent flow condition and achieved steady efficient distance education services. This solution can be adopted and applied in distance education system in the future.

CSCW application system

Co-service: from groupware to service-oriented collaborative systems

Sheng-wen YANG,Mei-lin SHI

2006, 27(11):  148-153.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0148-06

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Distributed teamwork is becoming an increasingly popular work style in modern society. It has been widely accepted that computer-supported cooperative work can greatly improve the efficiency of distributed teams. However, it is very difficult for traditional groupware systems to adapt to the flexible and diverse application requirements. Ser-vice-oriented architecture and Web services technologies provide a promising way for building highly flexible collabora-tive systems. The design of service-oriented collaborative systems was investigated, focusing on the system architecture, collaborative service reference framework and collaborative service interaction models. Such a service-oriented system design was expected to be able to improve the flexibility of collaborative systems, simplify the development of collabora-tive applications, and allow the seamless integration of collaborative services with other applications.

Study on collaborative manufacturing oriented distributed objects and virtual design environment

Quan WEN,Jian-min HE,Jie CAO,Bo LIU

2006, 27(11):  154-160.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0154-07

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For the requirements of distribution in collaborative design and manufacturing, a mapping model and a scheme of platform matching were proposed. The technique system of CVM (collaborative virtual manufacturing) was analyzed. The descriptive method about object entities was introduced. A mapping model of distributed objects was proposed. And a distributed basic scheme of CVM was designed. By quantitative analysis of unit matching and platform matching, the evaluation means of information platform's efficiency was optimized. By a case study, an extended model of CVM framework was gained. The procedures of distributed virtual design and testing were discussed. It indicates the improved efficiency of the adoption of collaborative technology and virtual reality technology.

Research on role based access control model supporting attribute certificate and its application in CSCW

Dian-jie LU,Hong LIU

2006, 27(11):  161-165.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0161-05

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According to the requirement of access control in CSCW(computer supported cooperative work), a new access control model NT-RBAC was constructed with the technology of access control based on role and task. The model asso-ciated users with task, role and permission in collaborative design. Meanwhile the attribute certificate was introduced to authorize permissions. Finally, an access control system based on this model was implemented, and instances show that the proposed system can improve the agility and security of the access control effectively.

Design implementation of a collaborative design system of immersive visualization based on access grid

Jun-bin LIANG,Tao-shen LI

2006, 27(11):  166-170.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0166-05

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In order to process complex data interaction of distributed, heterogeneous organizations and individuals in collaborative design, an immersive visualization technology was used to provide high quality collaboration of no distance. Through analyzing access grid, a collaborative design system infrastructure of immersive visualization based on access grid was proposed, and the implementation of the system and the key technology of task intelligent disassemble by grid services was researched. The implementation of the system shows that it has higher design efficiency and better design effect than traditional collaborative design system based on Internet.

Research on collaborative document management

Qing-zhang CHEN,Jiang-hong HAN,Xiao-dong YING,Yu-jie GU,Chao CHEN

2006, 27(11):  171-176.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0171-06

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With the growth of Internet, it was common that documents were stored and managed in a distributed fashion. Virtual enterprises whose organizations were located geographically dispersed need to share the disseminated documents or to collaborate the design of documents in an easier way. The management of document collaboration was investigated and solutions was proposed for fundamental problems that would encountered in the development process of the building blocks of a collaborative document management system. An integrated solution for three orthogonal building blocks was provided, including the user context, the document context and the collaboration context. It covered the user group management, the security policy of documents, the management of document relationships and the control of document flows.

Research and design of collaborative mechanism in distributed ETL tool

Wei-jiang CHEN,Chao-zhen GUO

2006, 27(11):  177-182.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0177-06

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ETL tool do extraction, transformation and loading job in the process of building a data warehouse. Commer-cial ETL tool must run at high-powered server such as minicomputers to do large number of computation. It greatly in-creased the cost in purchasing hardware. According to the problem about computation efficiency, a cooperative computa-tion model among multi-servers was put forward. A coordinator was created to control multi-server's cooperative process for reinforcing server's computation ability. Compared to the former ETL tools, it reduces the requirements for the server's performance in a certain extent.

Research on personalized service system in E-supermarket by using adaptive recommendation algorithm

Qi LUO,Ying YU,Cheng-ling ZHAO,Yan CAO

2006, 27(11):  183-186.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0183-04

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To meet the personalized needs of customers in E-supermarket, a new adaptive recommendation algorithm based on support vector machine was proposed. Firstly, user profile was organized hierarchically into field information and atomic information needs, considering similar information needs in the group users. Support vector machine (SVM) was adopted for collaborative recommendation in classification mode, and then vector space model (VSM) was used for content-based recommendation according to atomic information needs. The algorithm had overcome the demerit of using collaborative or content-based recommendation solely, which improved the precision and recall in a large degree. It also fit for large-scale group recommendation. The algorithm was used in personalized recommendation service system based on E-supermarket (PRSSES). The system could support E-commence better. The results manifested that the algorithm was effective.

Research and realization of real time communication system in 3D collaborative design based on HOOPS

Yi-liang LIU,Hong LIU

2006, 27(11):  187-192.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0187-06

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The quality of real time communication in collaborative design is the main standard of the collaborative design system ,whether the net environment could transmit the changes that one client have made to both the other clients and the server in time , directly shows the system's collaborative ability. Firstly, some basic research on real time communica-tion in collaborative design system were talken about, then the mainframe and specific realization of a real time commu-nication system in 3D collaborative design based on HOOPS were given out.

Application of particle swarm optimization in cooperative architectural design

Hong LIU,Jing-lian WANG

2006, 27(11):  193-198.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0193-06

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The character and algorithms of swarm intelligence, and the model of multi-agent cooperative design system based on swarm intelligence were presented. The elements and working flow of particle swarm optimization were pre-sented. Finally, an architectural design example was illustrated for showing the application of particle swarm optimization in assembling process of cooperative architectural design.

Research of collaborative distance education platform based on multi-agent

Chun-zhi WANG,Min PENG,Fei-fei WEI

2006, 27(11):  199-204.  doi:1000-436X(2006)11-0199-06

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Constructing an intelligent distance education platform was presented under the network by the technology of multi-agent. This platform providing a collaborate virtual teaching environment was provided for teachers and students in different sites. The architectures and communicative mechanism of multi-agents in this platform were described in detail.