基于无源反向散射技术的智能标签：应用与挑战

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2020.00183

物联网学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (3): 20-29.doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2020.00183

• 专题：智慧交通物联网 • 上一篇下一篇

基于无源反向散射技术的智能标签：应用与挑战

郭颖,王公仆(),李宗辉,何睿斯,钟章队

北京交通大学计算机与信息技术学院，北京 100044

修回日期:2020-08-05 出版日期:2020-09-30 发布日期:2020-09-07
作者简介:郭颖（1995- ），女，河北保定人，北京交通大学硕士生，主要研究方向为无线信号处理与移动互联网|王公仆（1980- ），男，安徽安庆人，北京交通大学教授，主要研究方向为无线信号处理与移动互联网|李宗辉（1986- ），男，重庆人，北京交通大学讲师，主要研究方向为实时网络、异构网络融合、软/硬件协同优化与系统结构|何睿斯（1987- ），男，湖北襄阳人，北京交通大学教授，主要研究方向为无线信道建模与5G通信技术|钟章队（1962- ），男，湖南衡阳人，北京交通大学教授，主要研究方向为轨道交通无线通信与网络
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1834210);国家自然科学基金资助项目(61871026)

Smart tags based on the batteryless backscatter technology:applications and challenges

Ying GUO,Gongpu WANG(),Zonghui LI,Ruisi HE,Zhangdui ZHONG

School of Computer and Information Technology,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China

Revised:2020-08-05 Online:2020-09-30 Published:2020-09-07
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1834210);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(61871026)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

射频识别（RFID,radio frequency identification）技术自被提出以来，因其便捷高效的独特优势逐渐被广泛应用于交通、物流、工业和商业等领域。RFID标签作为存储可识别数据的载体，在RFID系统中具有至关重要的作用，越来越多的功能与模块被嵌入RFID标签，并发展成为不同应用领域的智能标签。近年来，随着物联网和各种新型反向散射技术的发展，无线无源智能标签逐渐兴起。无线无源智能标签应用无源反向散射技术，借助射频信号获取能量并传输信息。从RFID技术入手，简要介绍了RFID的发展历史和传统智能标签，比较了传统智能标签和无线无源智能标签的区别，总结了无线无源智能标签的优点，列举了其在不同领域的具体应用，并分析了当前面临的挑战性问题。

关键词: 射频识别, 无线无源智能标签, 反向散射技术, 智能表面, 射频能量采集

Abstract:

Since the radio frequency identification (RFID) technology was put forward,it has been widely used in the transportation,logistics,industry and business due to its convenience and high efficiency.As a carrier for storing recognizable data,the RFID tags play a crucial role in the Internet of things (IoT).More and more functions and modules are embedded in the RFID tags and developed into smart tags in different application fields.Recently,wireless batteryless smart tags have arisen and grown rapidly with the development of the IoT and various emerging backscatter technologies.Wireless batteryless smart tags use the passive backscatter technology to harvest the energy and transmit information through radio frequency signals.Starting from the RFID technology,the history of the RFID and smart tags was introduced briefly,the differences between traditional smart tags and emerging wireless smart tags were compared,the advantages of wireless batteryless smart tags were concluded,several specific applications of it in different fields were listed,and the open challenges were analyzed.

Key words: radio frequency identification, wireless batteryless smart tag, backscatter technology, intelligent surface

中图分类号:

TN929.5

郭颖,王公仆,李宗辉,何睿斯,钟章队. 基于无源反向散射技术的智能标签：应用与挑战[J]. 物联网学报, 2020, 4(3): 20-29.

Ying GUO,Gongpu WANG,Zonghui LI,Ruisi HE,Zhangdui ZHONG. Smart tags based on the batteryless backscatter technology:applications and challenges[J]. Chinese Journal on Internet of Things, 2020, 4(3): 20-29.

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参考文献 26

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反射面	水平极化/W	垂直极化/W
石灰石	0.06	0.25
玻璃	0.05	0.40
金属	0.12	0.40

模块	尺寸与模式	消耗电流值
LCD	2.4 inch（1）	一般小于80 mA
LCD	3.5 inch（2）	一般小于120 mA
LCD	4 inch（2）	一般小于160 mA
LCD	4.5 inch（2）	一般小于200 mA
LCD	5 inch（2）	一般小于240 mA
LCD	5.5 inch（2）	一般小于280 mA
系统（除去LCD）	播放MP3（1）	80～120 mA
系统（除去LCD）	Wi-Fi播放视频（2）	200～280 mA
射频功能（强、弱信号）CAT4模式下	2G模式下	100～280 mA，典型的电流消耗值为160 mA
射频功能（强、弱信号）CAT4模式下	3G模式下	200～800 mA，典型的电流消耗值为400 mA
射频功能（强、弱信号）CAT4模式下	4G模式下	200～1 150 mA，典型的电流消耗值为600 mA

名称	是否实现频移	标签调制方式	最小功率/μW	最大比特率		距离		部署
名称	是否实现频移	标签调制方式	最小功率/μW	比特率	距离/m	发射器到标签/m	标签到接收器/m	发射器	接收器
BackFi^[9]	否	数字（QPSK）	N/A	5 Mbit/s	1	7	7	环境Wi-Fi	软件定义的无线电
环境反向散射^[10]	否	数字（ASK）	0.79	10 kbit/s	0.4	N/A	2.5	环境TV	定制硬件
Wi-Fi反向散射^[11]	否	数字（ASK）	9.65	1 kbit/s	N/A	N/A	2.1	商用Wi-Fi	商用Wi-Fi
无源Wi-Fi^[12]	是	数字	14.5（IC）	11 Mbit/s	N/A	3.7	16.8	定制硬件	商用Wi-Fi
HitchHike^[13]	是	数字	14.5（IC）	300 kbit/s	34	1	54	商用Wi-Fi	商用Wi-Fi
半导体反向散射^[14]	是	数字（GFSK）	28（IC）	11 Mbit/s	N/A	0.9	27.4	商用BLE	商用Wi-Fi/ZigBee
无电池手机^[15]	否	模拟（AM）	3.48	N/A	N/A	15.2	15.2	定制硬件	定制硬件
LoRa反向散射^[16]	否	模拟（CSS）	9.25（IC）	37.5 kbit/s	N/A	5	2 800	定制硬件	商用LoRa
FM反向散射^[17]	是	模拟	11.07（IC）	3.2 kbit/s	4.9	N/A	18.3	环境FM	商用FM

基于无源反向散射技术的智能标签：应用与挑战

Smart tags based on the batteryless backscatter technology:applications and challenges

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