面向6G的无线通信信道特性分析与建模

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2020.00155

物联网学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 4 ›› Issue (1): 19-32.doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2020.00155

所属专题： 6G

面向6G的无线通信信道特性分析与建模

王承祥^1,²(),黄杰^1,²,王海明^2,³,高西奇^1,²,尤肖虎^1,²,郝阳⁴

¹ 东南大学信息科学与工程学院移动通信国家重点实验室，江苏南京 210096
² 紫金山实验室，江苏南京 211111
³ 东南大学信息科学与工程学院毫米波国家重点实验室，江苏南京 210096
⁴ 伦敦玛丽女王大学电子工程与计算机科学学院，英国伦敦 E1 4NS

修回日期:2020-03-01 出版日期:2020-03-30 发布日期:2020-03-28
作者简介:王承祥（1975- ），男，山东高密人，东南大学移动通信国家重点实验室教授、紫金山实验室兼职教授，主要研究方向为无线信道测量与建模、6G 通信网络架构和关键技术、人工智能与无线通信网络的融合等|黄杰（1991- ），男，湖北黄冈人，博士，东南大学移动通信国家重点实验室博士后、紫金山实验室兼职科研人员，主要研究方向为毫米波、太赫兹、大规模/超大规模天线信道测量与建模、B5G/6G关键技术等|王海明（1975- ），男，江苏江阴人，博士，东南大学毫米波国家重点实验室教授、紫金山实验室兼职教授，主要研究方向为毫米波无线通信、毫米波雷达成像、无线传播测量与信道建模、多频段宽带天线与阵列等|高西奇（1967- ），男，安徽灵璧人，东南大学移动通信国家重点实验室教授、紫金山实验室兼职教授，主要研究方向为宽带无线通信、大规模无线通信、无线通信信号处理等|尤肖虎（1962- ），男，山东济宁人，博士，东南大学移动通信国家重点实验室主任、紫金山实验室常务副主任，主要研究方向为移动通信、自适应信号处理、人工神经网络在通信及生物医学工程中的应用等|郝阳（1967- ），男，江苏南京人，博士，伦敦玛丽女王大学电子工程与计算机科学学院教授，主要研究方向为计算电磁学、微波超材料、石墨烯和纳米微波、体域网天线和无线传播、毫米波/亚毫米波有源天线、光子积体天线等
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFB1801101);国家自然科学基金(61960206006);国家自然科学基金(61901109);博士后创新人才支持计划(BX20180062);江苏省双创团队项目;江苏省双创人才项目;东南大学移动通信国家重点实验室研究基金(2020B01);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2242019R30001);华为合作项目;欧盟地平线2020RISETESTBED2项目(872172)

6G oriented wireless communication channel characteristics analysis and modeling

Chengxiang WANG^1,²(),Jie HUANG^1,²,Haiming WANG^2,³,Xiqi GAO^1,²,Xiaohu YOU^1,²,Yang HAO⁴

¹ National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory,School of Information Science and Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China
² Purple Mountain Laboratories,Nanjing 211111,China
³ State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves,School of Information Science and Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China
⁴ School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science,Queen Mary University of London,London E1 4NS,U.K.

Revised:2020-03-01 Online:2020-03-30 Published:2020-03-28
Supported by:
The National Key R＆D Program of China(2018YFB1801101);National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)(61960206006);National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)(61901109);National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20180062);High Level Innovation and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program in Jiangsu;High Level Innovation and Entrepreneurial Talent Introduction Program in Jiangsu;Research Fund of National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory(2020B01);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2242019R30001);Huawei Cooperation Project;EU H2020 RISE TESTBED2 Project(872172)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对 6G 全覆盖、全频谱、全应用的发展愿景，对面向 6G 的全频谱全场景无线信道测量、信道特性与信道模型方面的进展进行了全面概述，侧重于毫米波、太赫兹、光波段、卫星、无人机、海洋、水声、高铁、车对车、大规模/超大规模天线、轨道角动量以及工业物联网等通信信道，并展示了6G信道的相关测量与建模结果。最后，指出了6G无线信道测量与建模研究的未来挑战。

关键词: 6G无线通信网络, 信道测量, 信道特性, 信道建模, 信道模型性能评估

Abstract:

Based on the vision on the 6G wireless communication network,i.e.,global coverage,all spectrums and all applications,we comprehensively survey 6G related wireless channel measurements,channel characteristics,and channel models for all frequency bands and all scenarios.Millimeter wave (mmWave),terahertz (THz),optical band,satellite,unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV),maritime,underwater acoustic,high-speed train (HST),vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V),massive/ultra-massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO),orbital angular momentum (OAM),and industry Internet of things (IoT) communication channels were particularly investigated.The related 6G channel measurement and modeling results were also given.Finally,future research challenges on 6G channel measurements and modeling were pointed out.

Key words: 6G wireless communication network, channel measurement, channel characteristic, channel modeling

中图分类号:

TN928

王承祥, 黄杰, 王海明, 高西奇, 尤肖虎, 郝阳. 面向6G的无线通信信道特性分析与建模[J]. 物联网学报, 2020, 4(1): 19-32.

Chengxiang WANG, Jie HUANG, Haiming WANG, Xiqi GAO, Xiaohu YOU, Yang HAO. 6G oriented wireless communication channel characteristics analysis and modeling[J]. Chinese Journal on Internet of Things, 2020, 4(1): 19-32.

图/表 16

表1

表2

面向6G的无线信道测量与信道特性总结"

面向6G的无线信道	频段	场景	信道特性
毫米波/太赫兹信道	26 GHz/28 GHz、32 GHz、38 GHz/39 GHz、60 GHz、73 GHz（毫米波），300 GHz左右（太赫兹）	室内、室外	大信道带宽，高定向性，大路径损耗，阻挡效应，大气衰减，漫散射
光波段信道	380～780 nm	室内、室外、地下、水下	不同材料的复杂散射特性，收发端非线性光电特性，背景噪声
卫星通信信道	Ku、K、Ka、V波段	静止轨道、低/中/高轨道	雨/雪/云/雾衰减，极大的多普勒频移信道与多普勒扩展，大覆盖范围，长通信距离
无人机通信信道	2 GHz、2.4 GHz、5.8 GHz	市区、郊区、农村、开阔场景（空—空与空—地）	三维任意轨迹（大俯仰角），高移动性，空时非平稳性，机架阴影衰落
海洋通信信道	2.4 GHz、5.8 GHz	无人机—船、船—船、船—岸基	散射体稀疏性，海浪运动影响，海洋表面波导效应，时变非平稳，长通信距离，气候影响
水声信道	2～32 kHz	水下环境	大传输损耗，多径传播，时变非平稳，多普勒频移
高铁/车对车通信信道	6 GHz以下，毫米波	开阔场景、山地、高架桥、隧道、路堑、车站、车厢内部（高铁）、高速公路、市区街道、开阔场景、校园、停车场（车对车）	大多普勒频移与多普勒扩展，非平稳性，列车/车辆影响，速度与轨迹变化
大规模/超大规模天线信道	6 GHz以下，毫米波，太赫兹	室内、室外	空间非平稳，信道硬化，球面波
轨道角动量信道	毫米波	直射、非直射（反射）	复用增益，波束发散与失准，反射场景性能下降
工业物联网信道	6 GHz以下	工业物联网场景	变化的路径损耗，随机波动，非直射传播，散射体丰富，多移动性

表2

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无线通信网络	5G	6G
应用需求	移动互联	深化移动互联
	万物互联	扩展万物互联+万物智联
峰值传输速率	几十Gbit/s	Tbit/s（巨流量）
技术需求连接数密度	100万/km²	1 000万/km²（巨连接）
覆盖率	陆地局部覆盖	全球深度覆盖（广覆盖）
智能化	初步智能	高度智能（高智能）

面向6G的无线通信信道特性分析与建模

6G oriented wireless communication channel characteristics analysis and modeling

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参考文献 58

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面向6G的无线信道	信道模型
毫米波/太赫兹信道	确定性：射线追踪模型、基于地图的模型、点云模型、准确定性模型
光波段信道	随机性：SV模型、传播图模型、几何随机信道模型确定性：递归模型、迭代模型、DUSTIN算法、天花板反射模型、几何确定信道模型
卫星通信信道	随机性：几何随机信道模型、非几何随机信道模型雨/云/雪/雾衰减模型、马尔可夫模型、几何随机信道模型
无人机通信信道	确定性：射线追踪模型、分析性模型随机性：规则形状几何随机信道模型、非规则形状几何随机信道模型、非几何随机信道模型、马尔可夫模型
海洋通信信道	确定性：射线追踪模型、两径模型、三径模型随机性：几何随机信道模型、两径衍射功率模型
水声信道	确定性：射线追踪模型随机性：瑞利/莱斯/对数正态分布模型
高铁/车对车通信信道	确定性：射线追踪模型随机性：几何随机信道模型、QuaDRiGa模型、动态模型、马尔可夫模型、传播图模型
大规模/超大规模天线信道	几何随机信道模型
轨道角动量信道	暂无
工业物联网信道	路径损耗模型

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