工业物联网无线信道特性研究

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2019.00130

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前，工业物联网已成为国家的关键竞争力，智能制造产业加速发展，无线技术作为工业物联网系统中的信息传输通道，在工业领域起着强有力的支撑作用。首先介绍了工业场景的无线信道特征；随后分析了不同频段上的传播特性，并建议了工业专用网络初始部署的主要调整频段；对大尺度衰落和小尺度衰落两大无线信道特性在工业场景下产生的原因、影响因素及取值范围进行了整理，归纳了工业物联网无线信道特性的相应参数。

关键词: 物联网, 工业物联网, 无线通信技术, 信道特性

Abstract:

Nowadays,the industrial IoT has become the key competitiveness of the country,and the intelligent manufacturing industry is accelerating.As the information transmission channel in the industrial IoT system,wireless technology plays a strong supporting role in the industrial field.Firstly,the wireless channel characteristics of industrial scene were introduced.Then the propagation characteristics in different frequency bands were analyzed and the main adjustment frequency bands for the initial deployment of industrial private networks were suggested.The causes,influencing factors and value ranges of the large-scale fading and small-scale fading were summarized,and corresponding parameters of the wireless channel characteristics of industrial IoT were summarized.

Key words: Internet of things(IoT), industrial Internet of things, wireless communication technology

中图分类号:

TN929.5

李一倩,刘留,李慧婷,张琨,袁泽. 工业物联网无线信道特性研究[J]. 物联网学报, 2019, 3(4): 34-47.

Yiqian LI,Liu LIU,Huiting LI,Kun ZHANG,Ze YUAN. Research on characteristics of industrial IoT wireless channel[J]. Chinese Journal on Internet of Things, 2019, 3(4): 34-47.

图/表 15

图1

表1

表2

表3

图2

表4

表5

修正的InH信道模型"

工业场景	路径损耗衰落模型	σ_{S F} /dB
LOS	$P L_{LOS} = 32.45 + 20 \lg (f_{c}) + 20 \lg (d_{3 D})$	3
LOS	$P L_{NLOS} = 32.45 + 20 \lg (f_{c}) + 10 n_{NLOS} \lg (d_{3 D})$	$σ_{SFNLOS}$
	$高架天线 : n_{NLOS} = 2. 47, σ_{NLOS} = 5 .17 dB$	—
	$嵌入式基站 : n_{NLOS} = 2.96, σ_{NLOS} = 7.56 dB$
LOS pr.	$P r_{LOS} = {\begin{matrix} 1 \\ \exp (- \frac{d_{2 D} - dref}{K}) \end{matrix}$	—
	$开放式生产空间 : dref = 10 m, K = {dref}^{1. 5}$	—
	$混合密集式工厂 : dref = 5 m, K = {dref}^{1.2}$

表5

表6

表7

图3

表8

图5

图6

图7

表9

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工厂特征	OPS	DFC
工厂尺寸	100 m×60 m	100 m×60 m
天花板的高度	5m	10 m
布局	几个混合生产区域，具有开放空间和长装配线以及存储区域	主要生产线和大型机械
机械设备结构	中型不规则机械设备	大型规则形状的机械设备
机械设备平均高度	2.5 m	5m
用户终端高度	0.25 m和1.75 m	0.25 m和1.75 m
基站部署方式	0.25～3.2 m	0.25～4.1 m
其他考虑	完全自动化之前，生产线周围有大量工人和一些小型移动运输车	工人少

技术	频段	信道带宽	吞吐量	时延	建网
NB-IoT	800 MHz；900 MHz	180 kHz	<250 kbit/s	10 s	LTE软件升级
LTE eMTC	1.8 GHz；2.1 GHz	1.4 MHz	<1 Mbit/s	<100 ms	LTE软件升级
LoRa	470 MHz；868 MHz；915 MHz	125 kHz/500 kHz	<50 kbit/s	NA	新建网络
Sigfox	470~510 MHz	100 Hz	<100 bit/s	NA	新建网络

工业场景	频段/GHz	传播方式	距离d/m	路径损耗指数n
工业设备^[15]	2.40	LOS	100	1.60
		NLOS	100	3.73
化学纸浆和电缆工厂^[16]	2.45	LOS	95	1.10
核电站^[16]	2.45	LOS	—	1.86
工业设施^[17]	1.30	LOS	100	2.20
石油钻井平台^[18]	2.40	LOS	10	1.39
	5.80	LOS	10	1.76
	2.40	NLOS¹	10	2.06
	5.80	NLOS¹	10	2.44
	2.40	NLOS²	10	1.17
	5.80	NLOS²	10	1.41
金属加工厂^[19]	0.90	LOS³	140	3.51
		LOS⁴	140	2.49
	2.40	LOS³	140	3.44
		LOS⁴	140	2.16
	5.20	LOS³	140	2.59
500 kV变电站^[20]	2.40	LOS	20	2.42
		NLOS	20	3.51
地下变压器^[20]	2.40	LOS	20	1.45
		NLOS	20	3.15
主电源室^[20]	2.40	LOS	20	1.64
		NLOS	20	2.38
生产设备装配间^[21]	0.90	LOS	16	1.72
	1.60	LOS	16	1.37
	2.45	LOS	16	1.69
生产设备电子室^[21]	0.90	LOS	16	1.96
	1.60	LOS	16	1.83
	2.45	LOS	16	1.81
生产设备机械室^[21]	0.90	LOS	16	1.79
	1.60	LOS	16	1.59
	2.45	LOS	16	1.69
走廊^[22]	1.90	LOS	—	1.80
实验室^[22]	1.90	LOS	—	2.20
工业厂房^[22]	1.90	LOS	—	1.40

工业场景	频率/GHz	阴影衰落/dB
金属加工厂^[14]	0.9	<6
混凝土墙后区域^[17]	2.4	>20
金属零件的焊接厂^[18]	2.4	>10
石油钻井平台^[18]	2.4	<3
木材加工厂^[19]	0.9～5.2	12
石油钻机^[24]	2.4、5.8	5～10
混凝土厂^[30]	0.315～0.915	>10
印刷厂^[30]	0.315～0.915	14～15
金属管道^[31]	3.1	1.1
NLOS^[32]	3～11	20～30

工业场景	频率/GHz	穿透损耗/dB
密集钢管后面区域^[18]	2.4	20～50
在开放且密集的生产实验室^[33]	2.3、5.7	大于45
金属仓库货架（每一货架）^[34,35]	2.4	4.6
各种常见的工厂设备	1.3	2～20
（包括墙壁和地板）^[36]
铁罐、管道、重型机械^[37]	2.4	小于10
混凝土楼板^[38]	2.4	大于30
穿过混凝土墙^[39]	2.4	大于15
厚度小于1.3 cm的无色玻璃^[40]	28	3.6
厚度小于1.3 cm的染色玻璃^[40]	28	24.5
穿过厚度为38.1 cm的墙壁^[40]	28	6.8
穿过柜壁^[41]	28	5～20
穿过木门^[41]	28	小于17