Chinese Journal on Internet of Things ›› 2018, Vol. 2 ›› Issue (1): 56-63.doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2018.00041
• Theory and Technology • Previous Articles Next Articles
Chen YU,Lijuan ZHANG,Hai JIN
Revised:
2018-03-10
Online:
2018-03-01
Published:
2018-04-19
Supported by:
CLC Number:
Chen YU,Lijuan ZHANG,Hai JIN. Research progress and trend of big data-driven intelligent transportation system[J]. Chinese Journal on Internet of Things, 2018, 2(1): 56-63.
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技术 | 原理 | 优点 | 缺点 | 具体设备 |
感应线圈 | 当车辆或金属物通过线圈时,线圈电感下降 | 设计灵活易用;不受恶劣天气影响;提供精确计数数据 | 安装和维护需路面施工;车辆类型多时计数精度下降 | 控制柜中的道路传感器、导入电缆、牵引盒和电子单元 |
RFID | 无线电波在阅读器和车辆上的电子标签间进行数据传输 | 费用低;不干扰交通 | 只在道路上的某点感知安装设备车辆 | 天线、应答器、标签读取器系统 |
微波雷达 | 发送微波雷达信号,捕捉反射波,从而检测车辆速度和方向 | 不受恶劣天气影响;可测量速度;同时检测多车道 | 无法检测静止车辆 | 天线、控制单元和处理器 |
磁强计 | 感应地球磁场水平和垂直分量 | 不受恶劣天气影响;数据通过无线电频率链路传输 | 安装和维护需关闭道路进行施工;影响道路使用寿命 | 磁探针、微环探头及控制单元 |
磁传感器 | 测量由于金属物体产生的地球磁场扰动来检测车辆 | 适用于无法使用线圈的情况;不受恶劣天气影响 | 安装需要在路面下钻孔;无法感知静止的车辆 | 磁探针、微环探头及控制单元 |
红外线 | 发射器发射红外线,接收器将反射的能量转换为电信号,从而判断是否有车辆 | 通过多波束传输精确测量车辆的速度、位置和类别等信息;同时检测多车道 | 对恶劣天气敏感;安装、维护和清洗镜片需要关闭车道 | 多光谱相机 |
航空/卫星成像 | 载人或无人直升机、卫星在天空捕捉地面影像 | 具有较高的准确性;非侵入性和非中断;能提供系统范围的交通情况信息 | 价格昂贵,花费时间和资源来收集交通数据;分析过程复杂 | 直升机(或卫星)、模拟彩色摄像机和计算机 |
超声波 | 发射超声波并收集物体发出的反射波,利用声波的时间间隔来确定物体的位置 | 监控多车道;精准检测超高车辆 | 性能受环境影响大 | 传感器(发射机和接收机)、放大器和振荡器 |
视频检测 | 包括一个摄像头和一个工作站,工作站对图像进行语义分析并将其转换成交通数据 | 监控多车道;易于添加更改检测区域;可进行大范围检测 | 安装和维护需关闭车道;性能受恶劣的天气、车辆阴影和镜头粉尘影响 | 模拟彩色 PAL 摄像头和图像处理单元 |
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技术 | 标准 | 频率 | 覆盖范围 | 吞吐量 | 特点 |
Wi-MAX | IEEE 802.16 | 2~11 GHz | <10 km | <75 Mbit/s | 高速 |
ZigBee | IEEE 802.15.4 | 2.4 GHz | <75 m | 250 kbit/s | 网状网络、多种协议 |
UWB | IEEE 802.15.3a | 3.1~10.6 GHz | 10 m | 53~480 Mbit/s | 极快的文件传输速度 |
Bluetooth | IEEE 802.15.1 | 2.4 GHz | 100 m15~20 m1m | v.1.2:1 Mbit/sv.2.0:3 Mbit/s | 低功耗 |
Wi-Fi | IEEE 802.11a; | 5.8 GHz | <100 m | 11/54/300 Mbit/s | 高速且普及度高 |
802.11b/g/n | 2.4 GHz | ||||
GSM | — | 850/900/1 800/1 900 MHz | 取决于服务提供商 | 9.6 kbit/s | 覆盖率高、传输质量好 |
GPRS | — | 850/900/1 800/1 900 MHz | 取决于服务提供商 | 56~144 kbit/s | 资源利用率高、访问快 |
RFID | — | 125 kHz,13.56 MHz,902~928 MHz | <3 m | 9.6~115 kbit/s | 低成本 |
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