面向物联网的Wi-Fi HaLow技术研究

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2019.00119

Abstract

Abstract:

The new Wi-Fi standard,named IEEE~802.11ah or Wi-Fi HaLow,is considered as a very promising technology for the Internet of things (IoT),aiming to support large-scale IoT networks in an energy-efficient manner.It is mainly to be used for IoT scenarios,such as smart homes,digital health care,connected cars,industrial process control,logistics ＆amp;asset management,smart cities,agriculture ＆amp; environmental sensors,etc.An overview of the IEEE 802.11ah technology and its recent development were provided.The key features were explored,demonstrating that IEEE 802.11ah is suitable for its target use cases.Moreover,a comprehensive summary and analysis of the related work were conducted.Finally,identifies several open research issues that need to be addressed to fully realize the vision of large-scale and low power Wi-Fi networks for the IoT were discussed.

Key words: IEEE 802.11ah (HaLow), Internet of things, large scale, low power

CLC Number:

TN929.53

Le TIAN,Yuxiang HU,Weitao HAN. Research on Wi-Fi HaLow for the Internet of things[J]. Chinese Journal on Internet of Things, 2019, 3(3): 50-61.

Figures/Tables 12

References 59

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国家或地区	频段/MHz
中国	755~787
欧洲	863~868
日本	916.5~927.5
韩国	917.5~923.5
新加坡	866~869 ＆ 920~925
美国	902~928

MCS	调制	编码速率	数据速率/(kbit.s^-1)
MCS	调制	编码速率	1 MHz	2 MHz
0	BPSK	1/2	300	650
1	QPSK	1/2	600	1 300
2	QPSK	3/4	900	1 950
3	16-QAM	1/2	1 200	2 600
4	16-QAM	3/4	1 800	3 900
5	64-QAM	2/3	2 400	5 200
6	64-QAM	3/4	2 700	5 850
7	64-QAM	5/6	3 000	6 500
8	256-QAM	3/4	3 600	7 800
9	256-QAM	5/6	4 000	/
10	BPSK	1/2，2倍重复	150	/

功能	特性	描述
基础功能	DCF/PCF/EDCA/HCCA	信道竞争
低控制开销	短报文头部（short MAC header）*	减少报文头部开销
	响应指示延后（RID，response indication deferral）*	配合短报文头部
	报文聚合（frame aggregation）	减少信道竞争开销
	块确认（block acknowledgment）	减少确认报文传输开销
	多用户聚合（multi user aggregation）	减少信道竞争开销
	空数据分组（null data packet）	减少控制报文开销
大规模接入	受限访问窗口（RAW，restricted access window）*	减少信道竞争，用于关联完成后
	快速关联（fast association）*	减少关联时的信道竞争
	分区分组（group sectorization） *	减少数据传输时的信道竞争
	基本服务集着色（BSS color）*	空间复用，适用于高密度场合
低功耗	TIM 分段（TIM segmentation）*	减少TWT，适用于下行传输
	TWT*	自定义节点唤醒及睡眠时间
	短信标（short beacon）*	减少信标传输功耗

文献	类型	算法描述
20]	集中式	根据Lq动态调整T值
12]	集中式	无竞争的信道接入方式
24]	集中式	文献[20]中算法的改进版，采用更精确的门限调整策略
22]	集中式	文献[24]中算法的改进版，支持关联过程中大量新的节点加入网络
23]	集中式	根据 Lq 和前一个信标间隔内成功完成关联的数目调整T值
21]	分布式	无隐藏节点的数学模型

文献	场景	描述
[29,>30]	流量饱和状态	吞吐量模型，基于Bianchi模型
[31,>32]	流量饱和状态	吞吐量、时延及功耗模型，支持多AP网络，基于Bianchi模型
[33]	节点在RAW分组内只发一个报文	报文传输成功概率，基于马尔可夫链
[28]	报文到达服从伯努利分布	吞吐量模型，基于马尔可夫链
[34]	流量饱和状态	吞吐量和功耗模型，基于马尔可夫链
[35]	流量饱和状态	吞吐量模型，基于整数序列的退避机制
[36,>37]	节点在RAW分组内发一个报文	吞吐量和功耗模型，基于代理模型

Research on Wi-Fi HaLow for the Internet of things

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Figures/Tables 12

References 59

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文献	优化目标	描述
38-41]	隐藏节点	根据节点的位置，将节点划分到不同的RAW分组
42-44]	功耗、信道利用率	不符合 HaLow标准规范
45]	传输成功概率	根据估计的节点数目分配RAW时隙的大小
46]	信道利用率	流量均匀分配到不同的RAW分组中
47]	信道利用率	利用回归模型确定任意流量下的RAW分组数和分组内的节点数
48-49]	吞吐量	预测流量并对RAW进行实时优化算法
36-37]	吞吐量、功耗	在文献[48,49]中方案的基础上，基于代理模型确定最优的RAW分组

文献	目标	描述
50]	Bitmap	3级TIM压缩方案
51]	时延、功耗	分析TIM分段在照明系统中的时延和功耗
52]	功耗	动态改变TIM信标的Bitmap
53]	区分QoS	使用RAW和TIM分段以支持区分QoS
54]	吞吐量、时延和功耗	TCP流量下，RAW和TIM分段对吞吐量、时延和功耗的影响
55]	功耗	RAW和TIM分段的功耗数学模型
56]	吞吐量、功耗	利用RAW和TIM分段减少功耗或增加吞吐量
57]	时延	利用RAW和TIM分段，同时支持时延敏感和时延不敏感的节点

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