基于无源反向散射技术的智能标签：应用与挑战

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2020.00183

Abstract

Abstract:

Since the radio frequency identification (RFID) technology was put forward,it has been widely used in the transportation,logistics,industry and business due to its convenience and high efficiency.As a carrier for storing recognizable data,the RFID tags play a crucial role in the Internet of things (IoT).More and more functions and modules are embedded in the RFID tags and developed into smart tags in different application fields.Recently,wireless batteryless smart tags have arisen and grown rapidly with the development of the IoT and various emerging backscatter technologies.Wireless batteryless smart tags use the passive backscatter technology to harvest the energy and transmit information through radio frequency signals.Starting from the RFID technology,the history of the RFID and smart tags was introduced briefly,the differences between traditional smart tags and emerging wireless smart tags were compared,the advantages of wireless batteryless smart tags were concluded,several specific applications of it in different fields were listed,and the open challenges were analyzed.

Key words: radio frequency identification, wireless batteryless smart tag, backscatter technology, intelligent surface

CLC Number:

TN929.5

Ying GUO,Gongpu WANG,Zonghui LI,Ruisi HE,Zhangdui ZHONG. Smart tags based on the batteryless backscatter technology:applications and challenges[J]. Chinese Journal on Internet of Things, 2020, 4(3): 20-29.

Figures/Tables 18

References 26

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反射面	水平极化/W	垂直极化/W
石灰石	0.06	0.25
玻璃	0.05	0.40
金属	0.12	0.40

模块	尺寸与模式	消耗电流值
LCD	2.4 inch（1）	一般小于80 mA
LCD	3.5 inch（2）	一般小于120 mA
LCD	4 inch（2）	一般小于160 mA
LCD	4.5 inch（2）	一般小于200 mA
LCD	5 inch（2）	一般小于240 mA
LCD	5.5 inch（2）	一般小于280 mA
系统（除去LCD）	播放MP3（1）	80～120 mA
系统（除去LCD）	Wi-Fi播放视频（2）	200～280 mA
射频功能（强、弱信号）CAT4模式下	2G模式下	100～280 mA，典型的电流消耗值为160 mA
射频功能（强、弱信号）CAT4模式下	3G模式下	200～800 mA，典型的电流消耗值为400 mA
射频功能（强、弱信号）CAT4模式下	4G模式下	200～1 150 mA，典型的电流消耗值为600 mA

名称	是否实现频移	标签调制方式	最小功率/μW	最大比特率		距离		部署
名称	是否实现频移	标签调制方式	最小功率/μW	比特率	距离/m	发射器到标签/m	标签到接收器/m	发射器	接收器
BackFi^[9]	否	数字（QPSK）	N/A	5 Mbit/s	1	7	7	环境Wi-Fi	软件定义的无线电
环境反向散射^[10]	否	数字（ASK）	0.79	10 kbit/s	0.4	N/A	2.5	环境TV	定制硬件
Wi-Fi反向散射^[11]	否	数字（ASK）	9.65	1 kbit/s	N/A	N/A	2.1	商用Wi-Fi	商用Wi-Fi
无源Wi-Fi^[12]	是	数字	14.5（IC）	11 Mbit/s	N/A	3.7	16.8	定制硬件	商用Wi-Fi
HitchHike^[13]	是	数字	14.5（IC）	300 kbit/s	34	1	54	商用Wi-Fi	商用Wi-Fi
半导体反向散射^[14]	是	数字（GFSK）	28（IC）	11 Mbit/s	N/A	0.9	27.4	商用BLE	商用Wi-Fi/ZigBee
无电池手机^[15]	否	模拟（AM）	3.48	N/A	N/A	15.2	15.2	定制硬件	定制硬件
LoRa反向散射^[16]	否	模拟（CSS）	9.25（IC）	37.5 kbit/s	N/A	5	2 800	定制硬件	商用LoRa
FM反向散射^[17]	是	模拟	11.07（IC）	3.2 kbit/s	4.9	N/A	18.3	环境FM	商用FM

Smart tags based on the batteryless backscatter technology:applications and challenges

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References 26

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