食品安全大数据可视化关联分析

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-0271.2021014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着检测技术的提高和互联网技术的广泛应用，食品安全数据的规模不断增大、类型不断增多，对数据分析技术提出了极大挑战。近年来出现的可视分析技术，通过提供图形交互界面，帮助领域人员深入理解数据并洞悉数据中的隐含规律，提高对食品安全风险的分析、发现、预警和溯源能力，为食品安全监测和管控提供了新手段。首先分析了食品安全数据的主要来源、特征和分析任务；然后提出了一种关联可视分析技术分类方法，从属性关联、实体关联、对比分析和时空分析4个方面阐述了近10年来的食品安全大数据可视化关联分析方法；最后提出了该领域存在的问题和挑战。

关键词: 可视分析, 大数据, 食品安全, 关联关系

Abstract:

With the improvement of detection technology and the wide application of Internet technology, the scale and types of food safety data continue to increase, which poses great challenges to data analysis technology.Visual analysis, which has emerged in recent years, can help domain experts gain a deeper understanding of the data and insight into the hidden patterns in the data by providing a graphical interactive interface.This in turn can improve the detection, analysis, early warning and traceability of food safety risks, providing new tools for food safety monitoring and surveillance.Firstly, the main sources, characteristics and analysis tasks of food safety big data were analyzed.Then, a classification method for visual associations analysis techniques was proposed, and the visual associations analysis methods for food safety big data in the past 10 years were described from four aspects: attribute correlation, entity associations, comparative analysis and spatio-temporal analysis.Finally, the problems and challenges in this field were presented.

Key words: visual analysis, big data, food safety, associated relation

中图分类号:

TP391.41

陈谊, 孙梦, 武彩霞, 孙小然. 食品安全大数据可视化关联分析[J]. 大数据, 2021, 7(2): 61-77.

Yi CHEN, Meng SUN, Caixia WU, Xiaoran SUN. Visual associations analysis of big data in food safety[J]. Big Data Research, 2021, 7(2): 61-77.

图/表 11

表1

食品安全在线数据库"

数据库	数据性质	数据描述	国家/地区	组织
GEMS/Food	全球环境监测/食品污染监测和评估系统	全球各地区食品中污染物（隔、铅、汞、毒素等）的监测结果	全球	世界卫生组织
RASFF	欧盟食品和饲料类快速预警系统	针对欧盟各成员国内部，因食品不符合安全要求或标识不准确等引起的风险报告和潜在问题通报	欧盟	欧洲联盟委员会
EFSA-Data	数据收集、标准化与分析	食品消费、食品成分、生物危害、化学危害、化学污染物、化学残留物等数据	欧盟	欧盟食品安全局
pesticide residue monitoring program reports and data	农药残留监测计划报告和数据	美国各州食品药品监督管理局农药残留监测计划的结果总结以及按商品类别分类的食品监测数据	美国	美国食品药品监督管理局
FDA recent recalls, market withdrawals ＆safety alerts	FDA最新召回、市场撤销和安全警报	FDA监管产品召回的信息，包括日期、品牌名称、产品描述、产品类别、召回原因说明、公司名等	美国	美国食品药品监督管理局
食品安全抽检结果	食品安全抽检公布结果查询系统	定期发布国内产品抽检结果，包括食品名称、抽检次数、检测项目、检出污染物及含量、是否合格等信息	中国	国家市场管理监督总局
食品安全国家标准数据检索平台	食品安全国家标准数据检索平台	中国食品安全国家标准公告，各类食品中的危害物及具体限量标准	中国	国家市场管理监督总局
中国海关未准入境食品信息	未准入境食品信息列表	中国海关每个月发布抽检不合格、未准入境的食品信息，包括产品名称、产地、生产企业、未准入境原因、进境口岸等	中国	中国海关总署
各国食品安全标准	各国食品安全相关标准	各国食品中营养成分、污染物等的限量标准	中国	中国海关总署

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关联分类	分析任务描述	可视化方法	食品领域应用实例
属性关联	两属性相关性	散点图^[11]	食品营养成分间两两成分的相关性分析
	多属性相关性	散点图矩阵^[12]、平行坐标^[13,14]、邻接矩阵^[15]	农药残留多个判定指标上值的差异和相关性分析
实体关联	实体间网络关系	节点-链接法^[16]、弦图^[17]、邻接矩阵^[18]	农产品实体与农药实体间的多对多网络关系分析
	实体间层次关系	节点-链接树^[19]、树图^[20,21]、放射环^[22,23]	农产品各类别、农药类别、地域行政区划等的层次关系分析
对比分析	数值对比	排序（如单属性和多属性排名）^[24]	各种食品、各地区等受危害物污染程度的排名
	结构对比	并置（树比较方法之一）^[13,21]	两国家最大残留限量（maximum residues limit， MRL）标准的对比（被转化为两棵树的对比）
时空分析	时间关联	时间线^[21,25]、主题河流^[26]	农产品中农药残留超标率随时间的变化情况分析
	空间关联	统计地图^{[25,27,28,29]}、变形地图^[25,28,29]	食品中危害物检出率和超标率在地域上分布情况分析