业务驱动的空天地海一体化网络技术研究

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2024172

Abstract

Abstract:

Facing the emerging novel applications and service demands, space-air-ground-sea integrated network offers advantages such as global coverage, high efficiency, flexibility, elasticity, and reliability. It provides intelligent, collaborative, and efficient ubiquitous information services for diverse service scenarios in many fields, and is an important part of future mobile communication system. Firstly, the domestic and international development status, network architecture, demands, and challenges of space-air-ground-sea integration were analyzed. Then, driven by the demand for carrying massive diverse services, key network technologies, including network slicing, mobile edge computing, and communication-sensing-computing integration, were investigated. Finally, the future development direction of space-air-ground-sea integration was discussed from the perspectives of intelligence, integration, and security.

Key words: space-air-ground-sea integration, 6G, network technology, artificial intelligence

CLC Number:

TP393

Kexin FAN, Lirong AN, Qinyu ZHANG. Research on service-driven network technologies for space-air-ground-sea integration[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2024, 40(6): 25-37.

Figures/Tables 6

References 60

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国家和地区	名称	核心技术	优势	问题
美国	TCA	IP技术，激光通信	全球覆盖，高度集成	系统复杂度高，部署成本高
	Starlink	相控阵天线，激光通信	全球覆盖，高速互联网	太空碎片风险，频谱干扰
	Loon	LTE无线通信	快速部署，低成本网络	受天气影响，覆盖范围有限
	Aquila	激光通信	节能环保，覆盖较广	长航时飞行技术不成熟
日本	STICS	高线性放大器，多波束技术	服务范围广，高速率	频谱资源有限，系统可靠性低
欧洲	ISICOM	IP路由，多波束天线	高频谱利用率，高速率	集成复杂，安全风险高
	VITAL	虚拟化网络功能，软件定义网络	高灵活性和扩展性	技术复杂，标准化要求高
	SATis5	5G NR，边缘计算	高速率，响应快	资源协调复杂，成本高
英国	OneWeb	渐进倾斜技术，开放式架构	全球覆盖，高速低时延	发射和运营成本高，频谱干扰
中国	鸿雁	在轨可重构技术	全球覆盖，实时双向通信	频谱和轨位资源有限
	虹云	毫米波相控阵技术	全球覆盖，高速接入	业务系统尚需优化论证
	天启	通信载荷自检技术，高速下载技术	低成本，服务范围广	终端设备成本高，频谱资源有限
	彩虹无人机	宽带接入技术，多模通信技术	安全可靠，部署快速灵活	通信距离有限，资源管理复杂
	飞云	空基局域网技术	覆盖范围广，续航时间长	受气象条件和飞行环境影响
	快云	宽带通信技术，抗干扰技术	快速部署，连续性服务	配套系统成本高，环境复杂

网段	组成	高度/km	覆盖	移动性	速率/(bit·s^-1)	时延/ms	服务
天基	GEO	35 786	全球	对地静止	1～10 G	239	通信，广播，定位
	MEO	1 200～35 786	全球	中	1.2 G	12.5～125	通信，导航
	LEO	200～1 200	全球	高	3.75 G	3～50	通信，遥感，互联网
空基	HAP	18～50	广域	低	10 G	< 3	中继通信，环境监测
空基	LAP	< 10	局部	高	10 G	< 3	应急通信，航空测绘
地基	蜂窝网、WLAN、MANET	—	局部	静止	20 G	< 1	通信，互联网
海基	水面网络	—	局部	中	12 800 k	10～50	海上通信，船舶通信
海基	水下网络	< -0.01	局部	低	< 80 k	100～1 000	水下通信，海域监测

对比项	网络切片	移动边缘计算	通感算一体化
定义	将物理网络按需划分为多个切片实例	将计算、存储资源部署至网络边缘	深度融合通信、感知、计算功能
特点	网络资源隔离，按需灵活配置	近场数据处理，实时分析决策	多功能融合，环境业务感知
优势	提供定制化服务，提升网络资源利用率，提高服务质量	提升用户体验，降低网络负载，支持高实时性业务	保障高质量、连续性服务，提升网络整体性能
针对挑战	异构网络差异大，环境复杂多变	传输环境复杂，资源有限不均衡	通信环境不确定，资源稀疏高动态
技术依赖	SDN、NFV、SFC、AI	在轨计算、空基计算、AI	通感、通算、感算双边融合，AI
技术难点	资源编排复杂，业务需求高动态	业务逻辑复杂，数据规模大	技术整合难度高，性能指标独立

功能	类型	指标
通信	安全	加密强度，认证机制
	可靠	误比特率，用户体验
	效率	峰值速率，通信时延，能量效率
感知	定位	定位精度，目标分辨率
感知	探测	感知范围，空间分辨率，图像熵
计算	系统	算力密度，连接数密度，CPU/GPU利用率
计算	服务	服务响应时间，峰值算力

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Research on service-driven network technologies for space-air-ground-sea integration

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