一种负载均衡且能量高效的水下传感网络分簇协议

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2016264

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对水下无线传感网络能量效率低、生命周期短的问题，提出了一种负载均衡且能量高效的水下分簇（load balanced and energy efficient underwater clustering,LBEEUC）协议。该算法在分簇过程中首先根据节点的经验负载来确定节点所在区域簇头的比例，使经验负载大的区域分布较多的簇头，分担数据转发的任务，均衡网络的能耗；其次在节点入簇时，在簇内设置中继节点，用于均衡远离簇头节点的传输能耗，并提前进行数据融合，减少数据冗余；最后在建立簇间路由时，利用Q 学习算法根据路径消耗的总能量最小的原则选择最优传输路径。仿真结果表明，本算法有效地均衡了网络的能耗，提高了能量利用效率，进而提高了网络的生存时间。

关键词: 水下传感网络, 分簇, 负载均衡, 能量效率

Abstract:

Focused on the low energy efficiency and short lifetime of underwater wireless sensor network（UWSN）,a load balanced and energy efficient underwater clustering（LBEEUC）protocol for UWSN was proposed.For cluster head settings,due to the consideration of load balanced,the proportion of cluster heads based on experience-load was set.The area with high experience-load could obtain more cluster heads than other areas to process data forwarding.And then,for intra-cluster communication,some relay nodes were set to save energy of long range data transmission between cluster head and nodes.Relay nodes also could be used to eliminate redundant information by advance data fusion.Finally,for inter-cluster routing,Q-learning algorithm was used to implement optimal path planning based on the criterion of least energy consuming.The simulation results demonstrate that the LBEEUC protocol can efficiently improve the energy utilization,prolong the network lifetime and balance the energy consumption of the network.

Key words: underwater wireless sensor network, clustering, load balance, energy efficiency

李鑫滨,高梦玲,闫磊. 一种负载均衡且能量高效的水下传感网络分簇协议[J]. 电信科学, 2016, 32(11): 42-49.

Xinbin LI,Mengling GAO,Lei YAN. A load balanced and energy efficient underwater clustering protocol for UWSN[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2016, 32(11): 42-49.

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参数	取值
检测范围/m	（0,0,0）～（100,100,100）
节点数量/个	200
基站坐标	（50,50,125）
数据分组大小/bit	4 000
控制分组大小/bit	100
频率f/kHz	10
节点感知半径/m	15
最低接收功率/mW	3
节点初始能量（E₀）/J	10
融合单位数据能耗（E_DA）/（nJ·bit^-1）	5