共享孔径同心圆阵稀疏交错优化布阵方法

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2023034

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

同心圆阵列天线具有波束对称、360°方位角扫描、抗干扰能力强等优点，被广泛应用于星载、机载、舰载雷达及飞机声呐等领域。在天线孔径有限的情况下，如何进一步提高同心圆阵的孔径利用率，通过孔径的空分复用，设计出子阵稀疏交错分布的多功能同心圆阵列天线，具有较大的研究价值。利用均匀同心圆阵列天线激励与方向图函数存在二维傅里叶-贝塞尔变换关系，基于二维三次插值和密度加权，提出了一种同心圆阵稀疏交错优化布阵的方法。该方法通过对均匀同心圆阵列天线方向图采样值的频谱能量进行分析，采用三次插值的方法，实现了同心圆天线阵列方向图函数到同心圆阵元激励能量的映射转换；基于密度加权的原理，对排序后归一化阵元激励的奇偶交错选取，使得稀疏交错子阵方向图频谱能量均分匹配，实现了同心圆阵的稀疏交错优化布阵设计。仿真结果表明，该方法得到的交错子阵天线具有峰值旁瓣电平低、主瓣宽度窄且方向图性能近似程度高的优点，有效解决了同心圆阵列天线稀疏交错优化布阵的设计难题，实现了两子阵交错的共享孔径多功能同心圆阵列天线设计。

关键词: 同心圆阵, 共享孔径, 稀疏交错阵, 三次插值, 密度加权

Abstract:

Among planar array antennas, concentric ring array (CRA) antennas have received considerable interest since it is symmetric and provides invariant beam pattern for 360° azimuthal coverage.In case of limited antenna aperture, there is great value to thinned interleaved CRA with low peak side lobe levels and a narrow main beam.The application of the cubic interpolation and density-weighting method in shared aperture array design was demonstrated by the low peak side lobe level synthesis of CRA.By adopting the Fourier-Bessel transform the relationship between the element’s excitation and array pattern, thinned interleaved problems were formulated as time-frequency synthesis problems.On the basis of the density-weighting method, element excitations of interleaved sub-array were carefully selected in an odd-even manner, which ensured the pattern matching of the generated sub-array.The iterative FFT algo rithm was adopted to thin the concentric ring array.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a favorable thinned and interleaved concentric ring array design with matched power patterns and low peak sidelobe levels.The problem of thinned and interleaved concentric ring arrays is solved, and the design of multi-function shared aperture thinned interleaved arrays with elements in concentric rings is realized.

Key words: concentric ring array, shared aperture, thinned interleaved array, cubic interpolation, density-weighting

中图分类号:

TN820

谷志刚, 李龙军, 胡继宽. 共享孔径同心圆阵稀疏交错优化布阵方法[J]. 电信科学, 2023, 39(2): 145-156.

Zhigang GU, Longjun LI, Jikuan HU. Synthesis of shared aperture thinned interleaved arrays with elements in concentric rings[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2023, 39(2): 145-156.

图/表 10

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表1

表2

图6

图7

表3

参考文献 20

[1]	ZHONG S S , SUN Z , KONG L B ,et al. Tri-band dual-polarization shared-aperture microstrip array for SAR applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2012,60(9): 4157-4165.
[2]	苏志刚, 陈欣然, 郝敬堂 . 基于粒子群优化的圆阵列波束形成方法[J]. 系统工程与电子技术, 2020,42(7): 1449-1454.
	SU Z G , CHEN X R , HAO J T . Circular array beamforming method based on particle swarm optimization[J]. Systems Engineering and Electronics, 2020,42(7): 1449-1454.
[3]	李燕, 严永财 . 基于同心圆阵列的结构光主动视觉系统标定算法[J]. 电子学报, 2021,49(3): 536-541.
	LI Y , YAN Y C . A novel calibration method for active vision system based on array of concentric circles[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2021,49(3): 536-541.
[4]	潘玉剑, 宋慧娜 . 基于混合基线的任意平面阵列干涉仪测向方法[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2021,43(12): 3703-3709.
	PAN Y J , SONG H N . Direction finding method with arbitrary planar array based on mixed baselines[J]. Journal of Electronics ＆Information Technology, 2021,43(12): 3703-3709.
[5]	薛正辉, 李伟明, 任武 . 阵列天线分析与综合[M]. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2011: 73-78.
	XUE Z H , LI W M , REN W . Analysis and synthesis of array antennas[M]. Beijing: Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Press, 2011: 73-78.
[6]	赵菲, 齐会颖, 肖科 ,等. 考虑互耦修正的共形天线阵方向图综合研究[J]. 国防科技大学学报, 2011,33(6): 84-88.
	ZHAO F , QI H Y , XIAO K ,et al. The study of the conformal array pattern synthesis including mutual coupling[J]. Journal of National University of Defense Technology, 2011,33(6): 84-88.
[7]	王停, 夏克文, 张文梅 ,等. 基于改进QPS0算法的阵列天线方向图综合[J]. 电子学报, 2013,41(6): 1177-1182.
	WANG T , XIA K W , ZHANG W M ,et al. Pattern synthesis of array antenna with modified quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2013,41(6): 1177-1182.
[8]	严韬, 陈建文, 鲍拯 . 基于改进遗传算法的天波超视距雷达二维阵列稀疏优化设计[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2014,36(12): 3014-3020.
	YAN T , CHEN J W , BAO Z . Optimization design of sparse 2-D arrays for over-the-horizon radar(OTHR) based on improved genetic algorithm[J]. Journal of Electronics ＆ Information Technology, 2014,36(12): 3014-3020.
[9]	徐艳红, 史小卫, 许京伟 ,等. 基于响应矢量优化的共形阵列稳健波束形成方法[J]. 电子与信息学报, 2014,36(9): 2220-2226.
	XU Y H , SHI X W , XU J W ,et al. Robust beamforming based on response vector optimization for conformal array[J]. Journal of Electronics ＆ Information Technology, 2014,36(9): 2220-2226.
[10]	HAUPT R L . Thinned arrays using genetic algorithms[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1994,42(7): 993-999.
[11]	HAUPT R L . Interleaved thinned linear arrays[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2005,53(9): 2858-2864.
[12]	QUEVEDO-TERUEL O , RAJO-IGLESIAS E , . Ant colony optimization in thinned array synthesis with minimum sidelobe level[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2006(5): 349-352.
[13]	PATHAK N , MAHANTI G K , SINGH S K ,et al. Synthesis of thinned planar circular array antennas using modified particle swarm optimization[J]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Letters, 2009(12): 87-97.
[14]	CHATTERJEE A , MAHANTI G K , PATHAK N . Comparative performance of gravitational search algorithm and modified particle swarm optimization algorithm for synthesis of thinned scanned concentric ring array antenna[J]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research B, 2010(25): 331-348.
[15]	OLIVERI G , MASSA A . ADS-based array design for 2-D and 3-D ultrasound imaging[J]. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics,Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, 2010,57(7): 1568-1582.
[16]	SINGH U , KAMAL T S . Optimal synthesis of thinned arrays using biogeography based optimization[J]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research M, 2012(24): 141-155.
[17]	KUMAR B P , BRANNER G . Design of low sidelobe circular ring arrays by element radius optimization[J]. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 1999 Digest Held in Conjunction With:USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting (Cat No 99CH37010), 1999(3): 2032-2035.
[18]	谢欢欢, 景跃骐, 李艳 . 0-1规划的稀布同心圆阵方法研究[J]. 电子学报, 2018,46(1): 61-67.
	XIE H H , JING Y Q , LI Y . Research on sparse concentric ring array based on 0-1 programming[J]. Acta Electronica Sinica, 2018,46(1): 61-67.
[19]	OLIVERI G , CARLIN M , MASSA A . BCS-based formulations for antenna arrays synthesis[C]// Proceedings of 2012 6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EUCAP). Piscataway:IEEE Press, 2012: 1500-1501.
[20]	DU PLESSIS W P . Weighted thinned linear array design with the iterative FFT technique[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2011,59(9): 3473-3477.

圆环	子阵1单元位置	子阵2单元位置
0	0	1
1	000111	111000
2	001101100110	110010011001
3	010101011001010110	101010100110101001
4	0110011110001110000110011	1001100001110001111001100
5	0101111101011010100101000001010	1010000010100101011010111110101
6	0011000010100100001111011010111100111	1100111101011011110000100101000011000
7	0001101110001111110110010000001110001001110	1110010001110000001001101111110001110110001
8	10011110101010101001011100011000100010111011000101	01100001010101010110100011100111011101000100111010
9	11101010010101001010001010001101011101001011101101010001	00010101101010110101110101110010100010110100010010101110

方位	主瓣宽度	子阵1旁瓣电平峰值PSL1/dB	子阵2旁瓣电平峰值PSL2/dB	\|PSL1-PSL2\|/dB
全方位	0.24	-15.02	-15.25	0.23
u=0	0.24	-16.70	-17.17	0.47
v=0	0.24	-17.04	-17.79	0.75