Current Issue

20 March 2024, Volume 5 Issue 1

Previous Issue   

Special Issue: Satellite Internet Architecture and Related Technologies

Survey on Routing Technology of Mega Constellation

Jiaxin ZHANG, Zhaoyang CHANG, Yilong ZHANG, Rui LI, Kaiwei WANG, Xing ZHANG

2024, 5(1):  2-13.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2024001

Asbtract ( 56 )   HTML ( 10)   PDF (13421KB) ( 46 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

With the continuous expansion of satellite constellation, this paper analyzed the characteristics of mega constellation, and summarized the capability requirements of routing algorithms for mega constellation from two aspects of networking transmission and service requirements, included reducing signaling overhead, load balancing, fault recovery, and guaranteeing QoS.In addition, it introduced the routing methods, algorithms, and their performances that were applicable to mega constellation.It looked forward to the future related technology directions for mega constellation, included software defined network, area division management, artificial intelligence, and computing power routing, with the aim of providing reference for the construction of 6G satellite Internet.

Virtual Network Embedding Algorithms for Integrated Space-Terrestrial Network

Jiarui FANG, Tingting ZHANG, Yubo ZHAO, Nan WU, Bei LIANG

2024, 5(1):  14-23.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2024002

Asbtract ( 32 )   HTML ( 8)   PDF (2745KB) ( 29 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Within the intricate environment of integrated space-terrestrial network, VNE algorithms face novel challenges due to the high variability in user demands, stringent limitations of heterogeneous resources, expansive spatiotemporal scales, and the dynamic nature of network topologies.In light of this, scholars worldwide have delved deeply into the VNE issues pertaining to these networks.This review firstly summarized the three core challenges faced by VNE in these networks based on their characteristics.It then elucidated the current state of research from two major perspectives: scenario modeling and algorithmic solutions, primarily encompassing Quality of Service (QoS) aware VNE, multi-layer cross-domain heterogeneous network VNE, dynamic VNE, and problem-solving algorithms for VNE.Both theoretical and practical strategies to address the VNE challenges in integrated space-terrestrial networks were analyzed in depth.Finally, it provided a foresight into future research directions, aim to offer valuable insights for subsequent studies.

Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network Architecture Based on Mobile Edge Computing

Jian WU, Min JIA, Qing GUO

2024, 5(1):  24-31.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2024003

Asbtract ( 66 )   HTML ( 22)   PDF (2374KB) ( 70 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

The next generation of wireless communication technologies will enhance the quality of user experience by supporting services such as intelligent transportation, intelligent healthcare, virtual/augmented reality, and more.These emerging services are typically computation-intensive and delay-sensitive, and must meet stringent delay, energy consumption, and reliability requirements that cloud-based services struggle to meet.In order to solve the above problems, mobile edge computing (MEC) technology was proposed to solve the problems of high latency and high bandwidth consumption when sending offloading requests back to the cloud computing centers.As an important research direction of 6G , space-air-ground integrated network (SAGIN) could make up for the huge coverage gap in the world, and had been widely concerned.This paper introduced MEC technology, federated learning technology and artificial intelligence technology into SAGIN to efficiently manage massive and heterogeneous resources in the network, and builded low-delay, low-energy consumption and high-reliability SAGIN to support various emerging services.

QoS Assurance Key Technologies in Space-Ground Heterogeneous Network

Lin LIN, Bin ZHU, Zelin WANG, Guangquan WANG, Haipeng YAO, Tao DONG, Weiying FENG

2024, 5(1):  32-39.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2024004

Asbtract ( 29 )   HTML ( 10)   PDF (7811KB) ( 18 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

The high dynamics of the topology structure, the high variability of the links between space and ground, and the highly limited network resource in the space-ground heterogeneous network pose significant challenges.To address these challenges, a space-ground heterogeneous joint QoS assurance scheme was proposed based on deep analysis of space-ground heterogeneous network development situation.The cross-domain network resource orchestration, construction of a space-ground QoS system, dynamic policy control of heterogeneous joint QoS, and on-demand adaptation and deployment of space-ground network resources technologies were discussed.

A Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network Caching Method Based on Clustering Algorithm Content Popularity Prediction

Chao QIU, Chenyang WANG

2024, 5(1):  40-47.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2024005

Asbtract ( 22 )   HTML ( 9)   PDF (1136KB) ( 16 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

This paper proposed a new space-air-ground integrated network caching method, that was, cluster based content caching method.Based on the space-air-ground integrated network architecture, this method used the extracted content features to predict the popularity and used it for cache replacement decision.Content popularity prediction was realized based on dynamic clustering algorithm.This method could effectively reduce the pressure on the ground backbone network and further improve the quality of user experience.It evaluated the performance of our method using the open Douban movie review dataset.This dataset could be used to simulate user requests.Experimental simulation results showed the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.

Design and Analysis of Satellite Internet Simulation and Verification System for Space Remote Sensing Services

Ying TAO, Wei LIU, Lei ZHANG, Zihe GAO, Na ZHOU

2024, 5(1):  48-59.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2024006

Asbtract ( 32 )   HTML ( 6)   PDF (7810KB) ( 19 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

The architecture of satellite Internet composed of LEO satellites with remote sensing/inter-satellite and satellite-earth networking, on-board edge computing functions, and ground cloud computing centers, and various types of terminals such as sky, near space, space, ground, sea terminals was put forward.The functional architecture of on-board edge computing, included resource layer, virtualization layer, service layer, service management layer and application layer was given.On the basis of proposed the construction method of on-board edge computing simulation and verification system, a satellite Internet simulation and verification system serving space sensing services was designed, and space-based sensing information processing and distribution experiments were carried out.According to the comparison of network resource occupation and user service delay with different information processing and distribution methods, the capability level of satellite Internet for space sensing services under different capability conditions were analyzed.

Studies

LEO Multi-Satellite Coordination and Satellite-Ground Coordination Remote Sensing Communication and Computation Integration Technology

Zhongyuan JIANG, Sen WANG, Qizhou WANG, Xiangyong CAO, Xingsong HOU, Lei LEI, Dongwei SUN, Xinghua LI, Jianfeng MA

2024, 5(1):  60-75.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2024007

Asbtract ( 82 )   HTML ( 34)   PDF (28854KB) ( 129 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Firstly, the current situation of satellite remote sensing, communication, and computing systems was systematically analyzed, and the real-time remote sensing dilemma existing in the traditional satellite remote sensing systems and the satellite remote sensing communication integrated system architecture was deeply analyzed.Secondly, a multi-satellite and satellite-ground coordination integrated system architecture for satellite remote sensing, communication, and computation was put forward, and the key components and the working theories modes of the architecture were introduced in detail.Thirdly, the advantages of this architecture were demonstrated and the feasibility of key technologies was systematically clarified.Finally, the simulation and analysis method based on this architecture, which could reach minute-level remote sensing tasks with high timeliness and high potential application value compared with the traditional mode, was elaborated.

Realtime Precise Orbit Determination Technology for LEO Mega-Constellation

Zhen LI, Chuang SHI

2024, 5(1):  76-83.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2024008

Asbtract ( 37 )   HTML ( 6)   PDF (14148KB) ( 36 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Supported by GNSS, it analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of solving LEO satellite orbit on the ground or onboard the satellites.The high-fidelity non-conservative force models were applied to the real-time orbit determination algorithm.To separate the kinematic and dynamic orbit determination process had been a great advantage for LEO satellites with much frequent orbital maneuvers.The test results showed that the accuracy of accelerations computed from the radiation pressure and atmospheric drag non-conservation force models were around 5 nm/s².Use the broadcast ephemeris, the real-time orbit determination algorithm could get an accuracy of 0.8 m in the satellites′ positions and 1.1 mm/s accuracy in the satellites′ velocity.When the real-time precise ephemeris of GNSS satellites were provided, the algorithm could get an accuracy of 8 cm in the LEO satellites′ position and 0.1 mm/s in the velocity.The method for real-time orbit determination and orbit prediction in this paper could be used to support the construction of navigation system with the mega-constellations.

Doppler Positioning Performance of LEO Mega Constellation

Yulu ZHANG, Zhen LI, Chuang SHI, Guifei JING

2024, 5(1):  84-94.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2024009

Asbtract ( 48 )   HTML ( 11)   PDF (2175KB) ( 41 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

This paper proposed a Doppler-only point-solution algorithm and analyzed the Doppler positioning performance based on the Starlink constellation.The Doppler positioning accuracy was about 3～6 m.To achieve the meter-level positioning accuracy, the satellite position and velocity errors should be within several meters and several centimeters per second, respectively.The ionospheric delay rates of C-band signal would cause about 2 m error in Doppler positioning.The positioning error would increase by dozens of meters if there were no corrections for the tropospheric errors.To ensure convergence in the LEO-based Doppler positioning, the initial receiver position error should be less than 300 km when the satellites orbit at an altitude of 550 km.

Application

Analysis of Satellite Internet Security Risks and Countermeasures

Xin GU, Chao SHAN, Caijun SUN, Ke LI, Min TIAN, Ruiqing WANG

2024, 5(1):  95-101.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2024010

Asbtract ( 57 )   HTML ( 13)   PDF (2015KB) ( 54 )   Knowledge map   

Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

This paper was commenced with an exploration of the system composition and security events of satellite Internet, conducted a comprehensive assessment of risks associated with entities such as satellites, terminals, ground stations, mission control, and operation center, secondly extends to communication pathways, encompassing access links, inter-satellite links, feeder links, TT＆amp;C links, and ground networks, then delved into data-related risks, covering operational data, regulatory content, public privacy, and outbound data, furthermore, addresses challenges posed by emerging technologies.Finally, proposed corresponding countermeasures for potential threats and concludes by outlining crucial research directions for understanding the evolving security landscape of satellite Internet.