Editors Recommend
20 September 2024, Volume 5 Issue 3
Special Issue: Wireless Network Technology for Integrated Communication, Navigation, Remote Sensing, and Computing
Analysis of Starlink System Service Capabilities
Jingxian WANG, Zhigang YU, Chao ZHU, Jiazheng SUN, Jing LEI
2024, 5(3):  3-10.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2024022
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This paper first provided an overview of the current status of the Starlink constellation development, then studied the Starlink system from aspects such as system composition, satellite iteration versions, constellation configuration, and system development characteristics.Finally, through simulation, a comparison of end-to-end transmission latency based on the Starlink constellation and terrestrial fiber optics was made, and the the relationship between the end-to-end transmission distance and the delay under different transmission paths was obtained.Moreover, through link estimation, the service level of Starlink satellites for different services could be evaluated from the perspective of transmission rate.Further, an analysis of the coverage capabilities of a single satellite and the constellation was conducted.

Analysis of Key Technologies for Satellites Oriented to the Fusion of Communication, Navigation, Remote Sensing and Computing
Jie LI, Qianli XIAO, Jianyuan FENG, Cheng ZHANG
2024, 5(3):  11-20.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2024023
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After the in-depth development of space technology, the user's requirement for space system will be anintegrated space-based information service system that integrates communication, remote sensing and navigation satellites in order to provide the user with service capabilities such as high-speed data transmission, real-time remote sensing services directly to the user, high-precision positioning and navigation accurate within centimetres, and distributed collaborative computational resources, so as to be applied to a rich variety of service scenarios.However, existing communication, navigation and remote sensing satellites have barriers in terms of software protocols and physical facilities, which prevent them from integrating applications and are far from meeting the requirements for the construction of space-based information service systems.Therefore, it is necessary to study the fusion of communication, navigation, remote sensing and computation on satellites.The key points of fusion are schedulable and shareable hardware and software resources, and high-efficiency high-stability payload devices.Based on thes, the paper introduced and analyzed the key technology oriented to the fusion, and analyzed the typical application service mode of communication, navigation, remote sensing and computation fusion.Simulation experiments verified the performance enhancement after fusion.

Design of Ground Distributed Core Network Architecture for Large Low Earth Orbit Communication Constellation
Shuming YIN, Liyun HAO, Haoran GUO, Chengcheng XUE
2024, 5(3):  21-27.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2024024
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Currently, satellite communication systems mainly deploy core networks in a centralized manner, which poses risks of single point failure and limits system reliability, scalability, and overall performance.The large-scale low-orbit constellation communication system has seen a significant increase in the number of users and business volume, which puts higher demands on system reliability and overall performance.In response, a multi-node distributed ground core network architecture based on the typical layout of low-orbit constellation "space-based base station + ground core network" was proposed.The solutions to the problems of landing selection and user management in multi-node core networks for low-orbit constellations were proposed, and basic processes for user roaming and active/standby switching were designed.The distributed core network had the ability to share services and backup, which alleviated the load pressure of single-node core networks and improved system reliability and overall performance.

Performance Analysis of Large-Scale Digital Phased Array Mixed-ADC Receiver in Compact Space
Yi ZHANG, Hang GAO, Song MA, Hongru GUO, Bin XIA, Chaoxian ZHANG
2024, 5(3):  28-34.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2024025
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In order to evaluate the performance of large-scale digital phased array mixed-ADC receivers under the influence of mutual coupling effects in compact spaces, a performance analysis method was proposed.Firstly, the propagation channel under the influence of mutual coupling effects was modeled by jointly considering the three-dimensional channel model, mutual coupling effect model, and ADC quantization noise model.Then, used a linear maximum ratio combining receiver and based on random matrix theory, a closed form expression for the achievable rate of the system under a given antenna array topology was derived.Finally, the achievable rates of uniform linear arrays and uniform planar arrays under different mixed-ADC configurations were theoretically calculated and numerically simulated.The calculation and simulation results both indicated that optimizing the mixed-ADC configuration scheme could effectively improve the system achievable rate, and the conclusion could provide theoretical support for the design of high achievable rate mixed-ADC receivers in compact spaces.

Non-Terrestrial Network Based Positioning Technologies for Direct-to-Satellite Service
Xiaonan SUN, Shidong ZHOU, Shaoli KANG
2024, 5(3):  35-43.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2024026
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With the rapid evolution of wireless communication technologies, positioning technologies are undergoing a transformation from dedicated navigation satellite systems towards communication system-assisted positioning and even standalone positioning.The International Telecommunication Union's 3GPP, since Release 18, has embarked on researching 5G Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) positioning technologies, fostering the integration of communication and navigation.Considering the limited visibility of satellites to terminals, the primary focus of current 3GPP research lies in single-satellite positioning technology, which suffers from drawbacks such as slow convergence and low accuracy.However, with the emergence of low-Earth orbit mega-constellations, terminals will access to an increasing number of visible satellites in the future, rendering multi-satellite positioning feasible.Compared to single-satellite positioning, multi-satellite positioning offers advantages such as faster convergence, improved geometric configurations and higher accuracy.This paper delves into the research of positioning technologies for Direct-to-Satellite Service (D2SS) within the 5G NTN framework, proposing various multi-satellite positioning algorithms, analyzing the critical factors influencing positioning performance, and conducting simulation assessments of positioning performance.

Integrated Computing and Storage for Space Transport Network Architecture
Chunxu DING, Xihao DING, Wenhui DING, Zhiping XU, Zhigang YU, Zhou LU
2024, 5(3):  44-54.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2024027
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Facing the new generation of ubiquitous communication and integrated service network characterized by "networks everywhere and computing omnipresent", diverse business applications have multi-dimensional resource requirements for computation, storage, and networking.At the same time, in the high-dynamic, weakly-connected scenarios of satellite networks, how to efficiently schedule and coordinate the multi-heterogeneous storage and computing resources of both space and ground, collaboratively optimize the networking, transmission, and storage mechanisms, establish a space-based computing, storage, and network joint resource optimization model, and provide high-quality space-based carrying network services is an important issue that urgently needs to be resolved.In response to this issue, based on the research and analysis of the development status of space-based computing and storage integration technology and its impact on the space-based carrying network architecture, a space-based carrying network architecture with computing and storage integration was proposed.From the perspectives of networking optimization, transmission optimization, storage optimization, and service optimization, the advantages of the computing and storage integrated space-based carrying network architecture compared to the traditional space-based carrying network architecture were systematically analyzed.The key technologies were summarized and refined, with the aim of providing valuable suggestions and references for subsequent research, construction, and standardization of satellite networks.

Optimization of Communication Path Planning Method for Low Earth Orbit Constellation Based on Dijkstra Algorithm
Shuming YIN, Chengcheng XUE, Liyun HAO, Xinjun ZHANG
2024, 5(3):  55-60.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2024028
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Complex network topologies and unbalanced uses of network resources are key problems in communication path planning for low earth orbit constellations.To address these issues, an optimization path planning method considering time delays, loads and task priorities was proposed.In this method, weighted graphs were used to characterize interconnections between satellites, and Dijkstra algorithm was improved to implement parallel computing and adapt to dynamically changing networks of low earth orbit constellations.Results of simulations based on STK and Python demonstrated that the method presented by this paper performs well in terms of dynamic stability and plans optimization paths accurately, and the planning time decreased by about 70% on average compared with the original algorithm.

Studies
Unified Carrier Regulation and Management Technology for Multiple Baseband Systems in High Throughput Satellite Network
Yan LI, Yiyun ZHAO, Yixuan WANG
2024, 5(3):  61-67.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2024029
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With the continuous progress of satellite internet technology, the main business of the satellite communication operation industry is evolving from traditional transponder leasing and video transmission to data transmission such as broadband access, which has brought about changes in the network construction mode and network operation and maintenance architecture of satellite operators.In order to meet the differentiated needs of different types of business applications on the network, operators often need to deploy multiple heterogeneous baseband systems.However, due to the incompatibility of different baseband systems, the frequency resources can only be scheduled in a certain system.Which result in a lack of flexibility in satellite resource planning and allocation.This article analyzed the carrier regulation and maintenance needs and challenges brought about by the above background, and studied the unified carrier regulation scheme for multi baseband systems, aimed to achieve reasonable and flexible allocation of spectrum resources, thereby fully unleashing the value of wireless network resources.

Exploration and Discussion on Key Technologies for Satellite-Terrestrial Integration Networking
Yaqin SONG, Hui XU, Xianfeng LIU, Caihong CAO, Zhimi CHENG, Hucheng WANG
2024, 5(3):  68-77.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2024030
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For the future, mobile communication networks will have the ability to provide communication services with beyond connectivity, as well as to realize the system level integration of satellite communication and terrestrial communication, so an integrated satellite and terrestrial network architecture that included multiple elements such as connectivity, intelligence, sensing, computing, and data was proposed.Based on the proposed network architecture, several key technologies for satellite-terrestrial integration networking were discussed, included intelligent management and control technology for satellite and ground collaboration, a high dynamic network slicing technology for integrated satellite-terrestrial, and in response to the differentiated network service requirements of user services for integrated satellite and terrestrial network, the potential development patterns between distributed autonomous and network slicing technologies were discussed.Then, onboard lightweight core network technology was introduced.Finally, the feasibility of multi-service network slicing coexistence and on-board lightweight core network were verified through a self-developed mobile communication network platform.

Clock Synchronization Correction of User Receiving Terminals in Satellite Ground Integrated Communication Based on OFDM
Ruixue LUO, Yu LI, Xin WANG, Chong MA, Guanglei SONG
2024, 5(3):  78-85.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2024031
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In order to improve the accuracy of clock synchronization correction for the receiving terminal of integrated satellite ground communication users, a clock synchronization correction method for the receiving terminal of integrated satellite ground communication users based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) technology was proposed.Analyzed the communication clock bias interference caused by relativistic effects in the process of integrated satellite ground communication.According to the calibration requirements, solved the optimal direction angle of the receiving channel and optimized the receiving channel of the user's receiving terminal.Based on this, combined with the characteristics of OFDM signals, the signal was divided into different time windows according to the transmission period of the communication signal.Established a measurement function for synchronous correction, estimated the symbol starting position of OFDM signals, and achieved synchronous correction of clock bias through error compensation estimation.After experimental testing, it was found that applying this method for OFDM signal correction processing resulted in a more regular waveform of the communication signal.After applied this method for clock bias correction, the clock bias was relatively small, which improved the accuracy of clock bias synchronization correction for satellite ground integrated communication user receiving terminals.

Applications
Latest Progress and Future Trends of Technologies Used by RAN for 3GPP 5G NTN
Lu ZHANG, Xue WANG, Ge MANG, Gaojian WANG, Shaowei ZHANG, Hua ZHONG, Yang ZHANG, Xuetian ZHU
2024, 5(3):  86-95.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2024032
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Among multiple technical routes qualified for building satellite networks, the route which is based on 3GPP 5G NTN and its evolution has its own unique advantages, including fully reusing the mature industry chains of network equipment and terminal for terrestrial networks, dramatically reducing the difficulty and cost of the development and deployment for space segment, and enabling the smooth and continuous evolution toward the future 6G systems.Focused on RAN for 3GPP 5G NTN, after briefly reviewed the key contents of the first version of 5G NTN standard introduced in 3GPP Rel-17,this paper firstly summarized the technical progress in 3GPP Rel-18 which had been officially published in 2024 June, then introduced the technical topics in 3GPP Rel-19 which had started the formal discussions recently, and finally looked into the technology trends in future 3GPP Rel-20+.

Satellite Internet:Application and Development
Chao SHAN, Shaoxuan MA, Xin GU, Niwei WANG
2024, 5(3):  96-101.  doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2024033
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This paper explored the composition and implementation forms of satellite Internet, building upon an evaluation of the limitations of current terrestrial internet.It provided a comprehensive analysis of various application scenarios of satellite Internet in aerospace, aviation, maritime, and terrestrial domains.Subsequently, the challenges faced by satellite Internet, included issues of frequency congestion, latency, high launch and maintenance costs, were discussed, along with proposed corresponding measures to address these challenges.Finally, the future development of satellite internet were predicted.

Interleaved-LoRa Transmission Schemes for Satellite IoT
Luo Jin, Xia Jiabao, Bai Yang, and Bai Baoming
Online First: 2022-12-27
Research on areal-time simulation system for protocol design and performance evaluation of large-scale satellite networks
CAO Qixuan, SHI Yan, ZHOU Lianwei, DING Xinwang
Online First: 2022-12-27
Application research of the power grid business carrying on low earth orbit broadband satellite network
Zhu Liang, Qi Shaobo, Yang Bo, Xu Bingyu, Li Zifan, Zhang Shijie
Online First: 2022-12-27
Application Status and Analysis of Starlink Constellation
Wang Yu, Li Qing, Li Ke-Jun, Jiang Chang-Lin, Wang Ye, Jiang Yong, Xu Ming-Wei
Online First: 2022-12-27
Key Technologies and Challenges of Satellite Deterministic Network
JI Ruoyu, ZHANG Hengsheng, LIU Meihui, LI He, XU Fangmin, ZHAO Chenglin
Online First: 2022-12-09
2024 Vol.5 No.3 No.2 No.1
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2021 Vol.2 No.4 No.3 No.2 No.1
2020 Vol.1 No.2 No.1
Survey on the Development of Space-Integrated-Ground Information Network
Wei WU
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2020 Vol. 1 (1): 1-16 doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.20200101
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Network Architecture and Key Technologies for the Integrated Satellite and Terrestrial Mobile Communication System
Hui XU, Deshan MIAO, Shaoli KANG, Shaohui SUN
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2020 Vol. 1 (2): 2-10 doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.20200201
Abstract1387)   HTML386)    PDF (1508KB)(2853)    Knowledge map   
Development of Electrically Controlled Liquid Crystal Phased Array Antenna
Wei XIU, Guang YANG, Haiyan TIAN, Chen PANG, Yongzhen LI, Xuesong WANG
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2020 Vol. 1 (2): 109-115 doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.20200215
Abstract1347)   HTML134)    PDF (1746KB)(2844)    Knowledge map   
Research Status of Space-air-ground Integrated Network and Application Prospects of New Technologies
Xiaokai ZHANG, Daoxing GUO, Bangning ZHANG
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2021 Vol. 2 (4): 19-26 doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2021039
Abstract1796)   HTML298)    PDF (963KB)(2699)    Knowledge map   
The Review of Beamforming Technology Based on Optical True Time Delay Line
Shiyi XIA, Guotong LI
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2022 Vol. 3 (2): 20-27 doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2022017
Abstract453)   HTML52)    PDF (1215KB)(2441)    Knowledge map   
Analysis of the Starlink Satellite Network Filing Application
Wenhan YANG, Guoliang HUA, Yan FENG, Yuanfu LI, Ranran HOU
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2021 Vol. 2 (1): 60-68 doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2021008
Abstract2625)   HTML530)    PDF (1185KB)(2323)    Knowledge map   
Remote Satellites Computing transmission and Key Technologies
lang HuYan, Ying Li, Quan Zhou, Jiayuan Wei, Juanni Liu, Yi Zhang
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2022 Vol. 3 (2): 63-71 doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2022022
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Development and Prospect of Satellite 5G Technology
Lijun ZHAI, Shuming PAN, Chunting WANG
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2021 Vol. 2 (1): 1-10 doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2021001
Abstract1288)   HTML179)    PDF (939KB)(2026)    Knowledge map   
Survey of Low Earth Orbit Satellite Communication Network Routing Technology
Shuang ZHENG, Xing ZHANG, Wenbo WANG
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2022 Vol. 3 (3): 97-105 doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2022037
Abstract1240)   HTML244)    PDF (921KB)(1994)    Knowledge map   
Discussion on the Development of Space-Based Information Systems of America
Zhongyu MIAO, Xiaogeng HOU, Hanyu ZHENG, Yuanyuan HAO
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2022 Vol. 3 (2): 81-88 doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2022024
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Network Operation,Maintenance and Resource Management in Mega Constellation System
Di ZHOU,Min SHENG,Qi HAO,Jiandong LI,Jianping LIU
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2020 Vol. 1 (1): 26-35 doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.20200103
Abstract769)   HTML85)    PDF (1417KB)(1935)    Knowledge map   
Development Status and Trend of Space Optical Communication Technology
Shaowen LU, Xia HOU, Guotong LI, Jianfeng SUN, Hanghua YU, Weibiao CHEN
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2022 Vol. 3 (2): 39-46 doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2022019
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Research on Strategies and Technologies for Resource Management and Control of Heterogeneous Network of High and Low Orbit Satellites
Meirong ZHANG, Mengting HAO, Chuang WANG, Gengxin ZHANG
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2021 Vol. 2 (4): 67-74 doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2021045
Abstract877)   HTML137)    PDF (1516KB)(1724)    Knowledge map   
Research on Satellite Internet Security Protection Based on Zero Trust
Yufei SONG, Wenhui ZHOU, Jiandong LIU, Xinpeng LI
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2021 Vol. 2 (3): 15-23 doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2021027
Abstract1035)   HTML153)    PDF (1410KB)(1645)    Knowledge map   
Research Prospect of Anti-Jamming Strategy for the Satellite Internet
Chen HAN, Aijun LIU, Kang AN
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2022 Vol. 3 (1): 50-55 doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2022007
Abstract741)   HTML91)    PDF (868KB)(1645)    Knowledge map   
Research on Network Architecture for the Space-Integrated-Ground Information Network in 6G
Hui XU, Shaohui SUN
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2021 Vol. 2 (4): 2-9 doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2021037
Abstract948)   HTML245)    PDF (1097KB)(1541)    Knowledge map   
Massive MIMO LEO Satellite Communications System
Kexin LI, Li YOU, Xiqi GAO
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2022 Vol. 3 (1): 2-8 doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2022001
Abstract947)   HTML124)    PDF (674KB)(1515)    Knowledge map   
Spaceborne Optical Switching Technology for Satellite Internet
Jiacheng MENG, Ningbo XIE, Zhaofeng BAI, Jiaxuan ZHU, Junxia WU, Duorui GAO, Wei WANG, Xiaoping XIE
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2022 Vol. 3 (2): 47-55 doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2022020
Abstract651)   HTML74)    PDF (1523KB)(1404)    Knowledge map   
Discussion on the Development of Integrated and Intelligent Space TTC&OC Network
Wei ZHANG, Tao WU, Hong MA, Yiwen JIAO, Yang CAI
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2021 Vol. 2 (2): 82-89 doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2021024
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SDN-Based Satellite Networks:Progress, Opportunities and Challenges
Dan YANG, Jiang LIU, Ran ZHANG, Fangqi LIU, Man OUYANG, Tao HUANG, Yunjie LIU
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2020 Vol. 1 (2): 34-41 doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.20200205
Abstract944)   HTML166)    PDF (770KB)(1319)    Knowledge map   
Analysis of the Starlink Satellite Network Filing Application
Wenhan YANG, Guoliang HUA, Yan FENG, Yuanfu LI, Ranran HOU
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2021 Vol. 2 (1): 60-68
doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2021008
Abstract( 2625 )   HTML PDF (1185KB) (2323 Knowledge map   
Survey on the Development of Space-Integrated-Ground Information Network
Wei WU
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2020 Vol. 1 (1): 1-16
doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.20200101
Abstract( 2409 )   HTML PDF (1232KB) (3689 Knowledge map   
Research Status of Space-air-ground Integrated Network and Application Prospects of New Technologies
Xiaokai ZHANG, Daoxing GUO, Bangning ZHANG
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2021 Vol. 2 (4): 19-26
doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2021039
Abstract( 1796 )   HTML PDF (963KB) (2699 Knowledge map   
Network Architecture and Key Technologies for the Integrated Satellite and Terrestrial Mobile Communication System
Hui XU, Deshan MIAO, Shaoli KANG, Shaohui SUN
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2020 Vol. 1 (2): 2-10
doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.20200201
Abstract( 1387 )   HTML PDF (1508KB) (2853 Knowledge map   
Development of Electrically Controlled Liquid Crystal Phased Array Antenna
Wei XIU, Guang YANG, Haiyan TIAN, Chen PANG, Yongzhen LI, Xuesong WANG
Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks. 2020 Vol. 1 (2): 109-115
doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.20200215
Abstract( 1347 )   HTML PDF (1746KB) (2844 Knowledge map   
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Editor-in-Chief: WU Wei
Associate Editor-in-Chief: WANG Chunting, LI Jianming, LYU Ziping,ZHU Decheng, SUN Qibin,
LIU Hualu
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