信息—物理融合系统中建模方法综述

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2016106

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

信息—物理融合系统（CPS）不仅包含离散的计算过程、网络通信，还涉及处理连续的物理事件。从CPS所涉及的离散系统和连续系统2个方面出发，分别介绍了当前存在的一些建模理论及基于该理论的开发工具，并概括总结了它们在CPS领域的应用。对CPS亟需解决的问题做了简单介绍，并在此基础上提出了解决CPS建模问题可能存在的4种可行的方法，为CPS建模研究者提供参考。

关键词: 信息—物理融合系统, 建模理论, 建模工具, 离散系统, 连续系统

Abstract:

Cyber-physical system(CPS)not only contains the discrete calculation process and network communication,but also involves in the handling of continuous physical events.Based on discrete system and continuous system,some existing modeling theories and development tools were introduced,and their applications in CPS were summarized,and a brief introduction on how to solve the problem was given.Finally,on the basis of the difficulty to be solved in CPS,four practical ways for researchers were put forward to solve the CPS modeling problem.

Key words: cyber-physical system, modeling theories, model tools, discrete system, continuous system

李仁发,杨帆,谢国琪,黄晶,段梦琴. 信息—物理融合系统中建模方法综述[J]. 通信学报, 2016, 37(5): 165-175.

Ren-fa LI,Fan YANG,Guo-qi XIE,Jing HUANG,Meng-qin DUAN. Survey of modeling methods in cyber-physical system[J]. Journal on Communications, 2016, 37(5): 165-175.

图/表 9

图1

图2

表1

表2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

参考文献 51

[1]	李仁发, 谢勇, 李蕊 , 等. 信息-物理融合系统若干关键问题综述[J]．计算机研究与发展, 2012,49(6): 1149-1161. LI R F , XIE Y , LI R , et al. Survey of cyber-physical systems[J]. Jour-nal of Comuputer Research and Development, 2012,49(6): 1149-1161.
[2]	PAUL B , RADU M . Towards a science of cyber-physical systems design[C]// Second International Conference on Cyber-Physical Sys-tems. Chicago,USA, c2011: 99-108.
[3]	LUCA P , NIRAJ T , BRUNO S . A cyber-physical systems ap-proach to energy management in data centers[C]// The 1st ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems. Stockholm,Sweden, c2010: 168-177.
[4]	KIM G L , LI S , BRIAN N , et al. Scenario-based analysis and synthe-sis of real-time systems using uppaal[C]// The Conference on Design,Automation And Test in Europe. Dresden,Germany, c2010: 447-452.
[5]	PATRICIA D , LEE E A , ALBERTO S V . Addressing modeling chal-lenges in cyber-physical systems[R]. UC Berkeley:The Center for Hybrid and Embedded Software Systems, 2011.
[6]	何积分 . 信息-物理融合系统[J]．计算机学会通讯, 2010,6(1): 25-29. HE J F . Cyber-physical systems[J]. Communication of the CCF, 2010,6(1): 25-29.
[7]	SHA L , SATHISH G , LIU X , et al. Cyber-physical systems:a new frontier[C]// International Conference on Sensor Networks,Ubiquitous,and Trustworthy Computing. China, c2008: 1-9.
[8]	杨志斌, 皮磊, 胡凯 , 等. 复杂嵌入式实时系统体系结构设计与分析语言:AADL[J]．软件学报, 2010,21(5): 899-915. YANG Z B , PI L , HU K , et al. AADL:an architecture design and anal-ysis language for complex embedded real-time systems[J]. Journal of Software, 2010,21(5): 899-915.
[9]	GEORG G , RAY I , ANASTASAKIS K , et al. An aspect-oriented methodology for designing secure applications[J]. Info mation and Software Technology, 2009,51(5): 846-864.
[10]	LEE E A . Cyber physical systems:design challenges[C]// The 11th IEEE International Symposium on Object Oriented Real-Time Distri-buted Computing(ISORC). Orlando,USA, c2008: 363-369.
[11]	GORDON M . From LCF to HOL:a short history[M]. Boston: MIT Press, 2000: 169-186.
[12]	CHEN G , LUO L , GONG R , et al. Dependability analysis for AADL models by PVS[C]// 2009 Eighth IEEE International Conference on Dependable,Autonomic and Secure Computing. Chengdu,China, c2009: 19-24.
[13]	GORDON M , REYNOLDS J , HUNT W A , et al. An integration of HOL and ACL2[C]// Formal Methods in Computer Aided Design. San Jose,USA, c2006: 153-160.
[14]	MA Z Q , FU X , YU Z H . Dependability analysis for AADL models by PVS[C]// 2012 8th In-ternational Conference on Wireless Communications,Networking and Mobile Computing. Shanghai,China, c2012: 1-4.
[15]	ROBERT M , CHEN I R . Effect of intrusion detection and response on reliability of cyber physical systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Relia-bility. 2013,62(1): 199-210.
[16]	YANG Y L , ZHENG X S . Cyber-physical systems modeling based on extended hybrid automata[C]// 2013 5th International Conference on Computational and Information Sciences(ICCIS). Shiyan China, c2013: 1871-1874.
[17]	BANERJEE A , GUPTA S K S . Spatio-temporal hybrid automata for safe cyber-physical systems:a medical case study[C]// 2013 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems(ICCPS). Philadelphia,USA, c2013: 71-80.
[18]	ZHANG L . An integration approach to specify and model automot ve cyber physical systems[C]// 2013 International Confere on Con-nected Vehicles and Expo(ICCVE). Las Vegas,USA, c2013: 568-573.
[19]	ZHU Y , DONG Y , MA C , et al. A methodology of model-based testing for AADL flow latency in CPS[C]// 2011 5th International Conference on Secure Software Integration & Reliability Improveme t Compa-nion(SSIRI-C). Jeju,South Korea, c2011: 99-105.
[20]	SUN Z , ZHOU X . Extending and recompiling AADL for CPS model-ing[C]// 2013 IEEE International Conference on and IEEE Cyber,Physical and Social Computing. Beijing,China, c2013: 1225-1230.
[21]	ZHANG L . Specifying and modeling automotive cyber physical sys-tems[C]// 2013 IEEE 16th International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering(CSE). Sydney,Astralia, c2013: 603-610.
[22]	ZHANG L . An integration approach to specify and model automot ve cyber physical systems[C]// 2013 International Conference on Con-nected Vehicles and Expo(ICCVE). Las Vegas,USA, c2013: 568-573.
[23]	GUAN T , YANG G . Integration-oriented modeling of cyber-physical interactive process[C]// 2013 IEEE International Conference on Cyber,Physical and Social Computing. Beijing,China, c2013: 1492-1495.
[24]	ZHANG L C . Multi-dimensional analysis and design method for aerospace cyber-physical systems[C]// 2013 12th International Sym-posium on Distributed Computing and Applications to Bu iness,En-gineering & Science. Los Alamitos,USA, c2013: 197-201.
[25]	ZHANG Z K , EMEKA E , GABOR K , et al. Co-simulation framework for design of time-triggered cyber physical systems[C]// 2013 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems(ICCPS). Philadelphia,USA, c2013: 119-128.
[26]	JAVIER M , MARKUS D , JAN H , et al. Unified and comprehensive electronic system level,network and physics simulatio for wirelessly networked cyber physical systems[C]// 2012 Forum on Specification and Design Languages(FDL). Vienna,Austria, c2012: 68-74.
[27]	MUELLER W , BECKER M , ELFEKY A , et al. Virtual prototyping of cyber-physical systems[C]// 2012 17th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference(ASP-DAC). Sydney,Australia, c2012: 219-226.
[28]	LIU J , LIU X , KOO T K J , et al. A hierarchical hybrid system model and its simulation[C]// The 38th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. Phoenix,USA, c1999: 3508-3513.
[29]	LIU J , LEE E A . Component-based hierarchical modeling of systems with continuous and discrete dynamics[C]// International Symposium on Computer-Aided Control System Design. Anchorage,USA, c2000: 95-100.
[30]	LEE E A . Introduction to embedded systems-a cyber-physical systems approach[M]. UC Berkeley, 2014: 79-200.
[31]	ASHFAQ H , FAROO Q , FARRUKH A , et al. Security requirements for a cyber physical community system:a case study[C]// The 4th In-ternational Symposium of Applied Sciences in Biomedical and Com-munication Technologies. Barcelona,Spain, c2011: 1-5.
[32]	MA L , YUAN T , XIA F , et al. A high-confidence cyber-physical alarm system:design and implementation[C]// The 2010 IEEE/ACM Int'l Conference on Green Computing and Communications & Int'l Confe-rence on Cyber,Physical and Social Computing. New York,USA, c2010: 516-520.
[33]	DYLAN P , ANDREAS G , JONATHAN V . Dynamic resolution in distributed cyber-physical system simulation[C]// The 2013 ACM SIGSIM conference of Principles of Advanced Discrete Simulation, New York,USA, c2013: 277-284.
[34]	LEE E A . CPS foundations[C]// The 47th Design Automation Confe-rence. New York,USA, c2010: 737-742.
[35]	周兴社, 杨亚磊, 杨刚 . 信息-物理融合系统动态行为模型构建方法[J]．计算机学报, 2014,37(3): 1-12. ZHOU X S , YANG Y L , YANG G . Modeling methods for dynamic behaviors of cyber-physical system[J]. Chinese Journal of Computers, 2014,37(3): 1-12.
[36]	XU B Q , HE J F , ZHANG L C . Specification of cyber physical sys-tems by clock[C]// The 8th International Workshop on Automation of Software Test. San Francisco,USA, c2013: 18-19.
[37]	MAN K L , SCHIFFELERS R R . Formal specification and analysis of hybrid systems[M]. Berlin, c2006: 119-128.
[38]	ABDELWAHED S , KANDASAMY N , GOKHALE A . High confi-dence software for cyber-physical systems[C]// The 2007 Workshop on Automating Service Quality held at the International Conference on Automated Software Engineering(ASE 2007). Atlanta,USA, c2007: 1-3.
[39]	HYUN J L , SOO D K . A service-based approach to designing cyber physical systems[C]// The 9th IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science. Yamagata,Japan, c2010: 895-900.
[40]	ALAJMI B N , AHMED K H , FINNEY S J , et al. Fuzzy-logic-control approach of a modified hill-climbing method for maximum power point in microgrid standalone photovoltaic system[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Electron, 2011,26(4): 1022-1030.
[41]	LEE H J , PARK J B , CHEN G . Robust fuzzy control of nonlinear systems with parametric uncertainties[J]. EEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 2001,9(2): 369-379.
[42]	RAMCHANDANI C . Analysis of asynchronous concurrent systems by timed Petri nets[D]. London:Univ.of Cambridge, 1974: 14-67.
[43]	MERLIN P M , FARBER D J . Recoverability of communication pro-tocols Implications of a theoretical study[J]. IEEE Trans on Commu-nications, 1976,24(9): 1036-1043.
[44]	ZUBEREK W M . Timed Petri nets and preliminary performance evaluation[C]// 7th Annual Symposium on Computer Architecture. La Baule,France, c1980: 88-96.
[45]	HERZOG U . Formal methods for performance evaluation[M]. Berlin, 2001: 1-38.
[46]	SIFAKIS J . Petri nets for performance evaluation[C]// Intern Symp IFIP. London,England, c1978: 75-93.
[47]	BALBO G . Introduction to stochastic Petri nets[M]. Berlin:Springer, 2001: 84-155.
[48]	FEILER P H , GLUCH D P , HUDAK J . The architecture analysis &design language(AADL):an introduction[R]. Carnegie-Mellon Uni-versity,The Software Engineering Institute, 2006.
[49]	PAUL B , RADU M . Towards a science of cyber-physical systems design[C]// The Second International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems. Chicago,USA, c2011: 99-108.
[50]	BOGDAN P , MARCULESCU R . Cyber-physical systems:workload modeling and design optimization[J]. IEEE Design & Test of Comput-ers. 2011,28(4): 78-87.
[51]	杨帆, 李仁发, 段梦琴 , 等. 一种基于数据驱动的CPS建模方法研究[J]．计算机学报, 2015,38(136): 1-15. YANG F , LI R F , DUAN M Q , et al. A modeling method research.based on data in cyber-physical system[J]. Chinese Journal of Com-puters, 2015,38(136): 1-15.

建模方法	应用范围	可扩展性	状态空间爆炸问题	处理连续事件能力	适用工具
形式化推理	较窄	一般	不存在	强	PVS等
Petri网	广	优	存在	弱	EXSPECT等
时间自动机	广	良好	存在	弱	UPPAAL等

建模语言	分类	形式化语义完善性	可扩展性	兼容性	适用工具
Simulink	面向层次化	欠缺	一般	一般	SCADE Suite
SystemC	面向系统结构	欠缺	欠缺	欠缺	CCSS
SmartC	面向层次化	一般	一般	一般	SmartOSEK
AADL	面向系统结构	一般	良好	良好	OSATE
UML	面向层次化	一般	良好	良好	Enterprise Architect
Ptolemy	不同领域的整合	欠缺	一般	一般	Ptolemy