无线传感器网络节点位置隐私保护研究

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2017.00212

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为更加深入地研究解决位置隐私保护问题，分析了无线传感器节点位置隐私保护的特点和模型，按照对源节点与对基站以及各自的技术手段分类总结了现有位置隐私保护方案，从方案针对的攻击类型、安全性、效率性能及能耗等方面比较优缺点，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。

关键词: 无线传感器网络, 位置隐私保护, 幻象路由, 假数据分组注入

Abstract:

For deeply studying and solving the problems of location privacy protection in WSN,characteristics and models of location privacy protection were analyzed,schemes of location privacy protection were categorized by source,base station and the classification of their technologies.The merits and demerits in different attack types,security,efficiency and energy consumption were compared and the future research orientation was previewed.

Key words: wireless sensor network, location privacy protection, phantom routing, fake data packet injection

中图分类号:

TP391

黄仁季,叶清,吴倩. 无线传感器网络节点位置隐私保护研究[J]. 网络与信息安全学报, 2017, 3(11): 59-67.

Ren-ji HUANG,Qing YE,Qian WU. Research of location privacy protection in wireless sensor network[J]. Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security, 2017, 3(11): 59-67.

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方案	主要技术	优点	缺点
PR＆PSPR^[9,10]	幻象路由、随机游走	抵御局部流量攻击者	幻象路由节点集中在特定区域、不能抵抗全局流量攻击
PUSBRF＆EPUSBRF^[11]	幻象路由、有限泛洪	幻影节点位置随机、避开失效路径、能耗较低	重复泛洪增加通信开销
Sathishkumar＆patel^[15]	随机游走、初始化随机路径	方案简单有效、数据总能够到达基站	可能产生的路径较长，加大数据分组时延
EELP^[12]	蚁群算法	可以进行全局能耗控制	需要一定的计算开销
BRACRS^[13]	幻象路由、圆周路由	基于随机角度选择幻影节点、利用标节点在能量受限下增加安全时间	增加了通信开销
Base-brown^[18]	链路环	安全周期长、传递时间短、流量分布平均	成环有一定概率，可能失败
ADRing^[26]	混淆环、假分组注入	平衡网络能耗、抵御全局流量分析攻击	增加了消息传输时间、混淆环上能耗较高
SVCRM＆MVCRM^[19]	虚拟环、假分组注入	增加了平均安全时间	源节点位置固定
Gurjar＆Patil^[29]	动态ID	抵抗ID分析攻击	抵抗攻击方式单一、需要动态更新ID
GFS^[23]	伪造数据源、假分组注入	支持被动RFID	能耗增大
文献[24]	虚假数据源区域、假分组注入	充分利用非热区能量、提高数据分组有效到达效率	安全性能与能耗成正比

方案	主要技术	优点	缺点
Priyadarshini^[31]	假分组注入	平衡节点能量，提高网络生存时间	流量、能耗增加，增加网络延迟
SRA^[37]	数据分组发送速率动态控制	抵御全局流量分析、全局数据发送速率动态调整	所有节点与基站数据发送速率相同使网络缺乏灵活性
CB＆PF^[39]	转发关系控制、洋葱包	有效抵御PAS与TP-PAS攻击	可能增加通信开销或传输时延
MR－PAIA^[40]	伪源节点、伪基站	通过代理区与混淆区抵御流量分析攻击	混淆区通信负担较重
文献[36]	伪造基站、假分组注入、随机游走	抵御方向性攻击、抵御数据分组追踪、平衡全局流量	产生假数据分组过多，网络延迟增加较快
LPSDN^[35]	伪造基站、数据分组筛选	改变流量密度分布，不会增加额外负担，节省能量	SDFN节点分担了基站流量，自身容易暴露
MimiBS^[34]	伪基站	安全性能可根据TTL参数调整、抵御流量分析攻击	增加延迟
HISP－NC^[32]	假分组注入、路由表改动	可以抵抗流量分析攻击与路由表分析攻击	增加节点能耗，不能抵抗节点捕获