一种基于黏性隐马尔可夫模型的多频带频谱感知方法

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2021018

电信科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 48-57.doi: 10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2021018

一种基于黏性隐马尔可夫模型的多频带频谱感知方法

贾忠杰, 金明, 宋晓群

宁波大学信息科学与工程学院，浙江宁波 315211

修回日期:2020-11-30 出版日期:2021-01-20 发布日期:2021-01-01
作者简介:贾忠杰（1996- ），男，宁波大学信息科学与工程学院硕士生，主要研究方向为认知无线电中的频谱感知技术等。
金明（1981- ），男，博士，宁波大学信息科学与工程学院教授，主要研究方向为认知无线电技术、优化算法、机器学习等，在IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing等期刊发表论文40余篇。
宋晓群（1995- ），女，宁波大学信息科学与工程学院硕士生，主要研究方向为认知无线电、机器学习等。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(61871246);浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LY18F010008)

A multi-band spectrum sensing method based on sticky hidden Markov model

Zhongjie JIA, Ming JIN, Xiaoqun SONG

Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China

Revised:2020-11-30 Online:2021-01-20 Published:2021-01-01
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(61871246);Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation of China(LY18F010008)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

现有多频带频谱感知方法经常利用宽带频谱的稀疏性来实现检测，当频谱占用率较高时具有较差的性能。针对这一问题，提出了一种基于相邻频带状态的多频带频谱感知方法。首先，通过引入黏性因子，建立了多频带状态和观测值的黏性隐马尔可夫模型。接着，详细分析了黏性隐马尔可夫模型中参数的迭代更新方式。最后，通过估计各频段观测值的后验均值实现了多频带频谱感知。仿真结果表明，不管宽带频谱是否具有稀疏性，所提方法的检测性能都优于传统方法，且在虚警概率为0.1、频带平均占用率为50%、平均信噪比为-12 dB时能达到接近0.99的检测概率，比其他方法的检测概率提升了约30%。另外，所提方法的收敛速度快于已有方法，因此具有更低的计算复杂度。

关键词: 认知无线电, 多频带频谱感知, 黏性隐马尔可夫模型

Abstract:

Existing multi-band spectrum sensing methods often use the sparsity of broadband spectrum.However, high spectrum occupancy rate of primary users degrades their performance severely.To address this issue, a novel multi-band spectrum sensing method was proposed by exploiting the state correlation among adjacent frequency bands.Firstly, a sticky hidden Markov model (SHMM) was established by regarding the multi-band states and measured energies as hidden and observed variables.In the SHMM, a sticky factor was introduced to represent the state correlation among adjacent frequency bands.Secondly, iterative expressions for the parameters of SHMM were derived.Finally, multi-band spectrum sensing was implemented by obtaining the posterior mean of observations from every frequency bands.Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms existing methods, and when the false alarm probability is 0.1, the average frequency band occupancy rate is 50%, and the average signal-to-noise ratio is -12 dB, the detection probability can reach close to 0.99, which is about 30% higher than the detection probability of other methods.In addition, the proposed method had a faster convergence rate than existing methods and therefore has lower computational complexity.

Key words: cognitive radio, multi-band spectrum sensing, sticky hidden Markov model

中图分类号:

TP929.5

贾忠杰, 金明, 宋晓群. 一种基于黏性隐马尔可夫模型的多频带频谱感知方法[J]. 电信科学, 2021, 37(1): 48-57.

Zhongjie JIA, Ming JIN, Xiaoqun SONG. A multi-band spectrum sensing method based on sticky hidden Markov model[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2021, 37(1): 48-57.

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参数	取值
最大迭代次数T	100
隐藏状态总数K	4
初始概率分布π	0.25,0.25,0.25,0.25]
均值的先验超参数m₀	1
均值的先验超参数η₀	1
精度的先验超参数a₀	1
精度的先验超参数b₀	1
狄利克雷分布参数γ	1
黏性因子κ	50
样本数N	1 000
蒙特卡洛次数	1 000

一种基于黏性隐马尔可夫模型的多频带频谱感知方法

A multi-band spectrum sensing method based on sticky hidden Markov model

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