免授权频段通信技术与未来频谱需求

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-0801.2023256

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着信息通信技术（information and communication technology，ICT）的进步以及数据流量的不断增加，需要越来越多的免授权频段资源支持无线通信和物联网的发展。为了研究未来免授权频段的通信发展方向以及频谱需求，首先综述了现有免授权频段政策、免授权频段通信技术及免授权频段通信的若干具体应用场景。以下一代Wi-Fi和超宽带（ultra wideband，UWB）技术为例，根据现有应用的数据流量预测，分析了未来的免授权频谱需求。结果表明，为了满足未来增强现实/虚拟现实（augmented reality/virtual reality，AR/VR）、高精度定位及8K高清视频传输等应用需求，更多的6 GHz以及60 GHz免授权频段资源需用来支持新型业务。最后对未来免授权频段的发展趋势进行探讨，指出干扰管理等技术是未来提升免授权频段利用效率的关键。

关键词: 免授权频段, 无线通信技术, 频谱需求分析

Abstract:

With the progress of information and communication technology (ICT) as well as the increasing data traffic, there is an increasing need for more unlicensed spectrum resources to support wireless communication and the development of the Internet of things.To study the future development direction and demand of unlicensed spectrum, the current unlicensed spectrum policies, unlicensed spectrum communication technologies, and several specific application scenarios of unlicensed spectrum communication were firstly introduced.Then, by taking the next-generation Wi-Fi and ultra wideband (UWB) technologies as examples, the future demand for unlicensed spectrum was analyzed based on the data traffic prediction of current applications.The results show that more unlicensed spectrum resources on 6 GHz and 60 GHz are required to meet the needs of future applications, such as augmented reality/virtual reality (AR/VR), high-precision positioning, and 8K high-definition video transmission.Finally, the future development trends of unlicensed spectrum were discussed, these technologies such as interference management are key to improve the efficiency of unlicensed spectrum.

Key words: unlicensed spectrum, wireless communication technology, spectrum requirement analysis

中图分类号:

TN929.5

刘胜利, 余官定. 免授权频段通信技术与未来频谱需求[J]. 电信科学, 2023, 39(12): 29-41.

Shengli LIU, Guanding YU. Unlicensed spectrum communication technology and future spectrum requirement[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2023, 39(12): 29-41.

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技术	工作频率	传输速率	传输距离/m	最大功耗/mW	传输方式
Wi-Fi	2.4 GHz、5 GHz	较高	100	100	点对多点
蓝牙	2.4 GHz	较低	10～100	1～100	点对多点
ZigBee	868 MHz、915 MHz、2.4 GHz	低	30～70	1～3	点对多点
UWB	3.1～10.6 GHz	高	10	＜1	点对多点
RFID	5.8 GHz	低	＜10	不需要供电	点对点

技术	频宽	频谱	是否授权	基本传输距离	连接数量	网络运营	功耗电池
Sigfox	100 Hz	Sub-1 GHz ISM	免授权	50 km	单扇区连接100万个	Sigfox	续航超10年
LoRa	180 kHz	Sub-1 GHz ISM	免授权	20 km	单扇区连接10万个	用户	续航超10年

对比项	m(B, d)				S(B, d)
对比项	m₀	m₁	m₂	m₃	σS₀	α	g₁	g₂
LOS	0	0.0148	0.48	0	0.016	1.5	0.64	0.60
NLOS	0.019	0.027	0.47	0.013	0.049	1.5	0.21	0.73