卫星移动通信地球站天线发展综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0801.2006.03.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自20世纪90年代以来，卫星移动通信的迅猛发展推动了天线技术的进步。本文在介绍卫星移动通信地球站天线的分类和系统要求的基础上，着重阐述了几种定向天线的具体形式及技术特点，最后根据作者在该领域多年的研究经验指出了未来移动地球站天线的发展方向和有待研究的关键技术。

关键词: 卫星移动通信, 地球站天线, 全向天线, 定向天线

Abstract:

Since the last decade,the progresses of antenna technology have been driven by the flourished development of mobile satellite communications.Based on introducing the categorization and system requirement of mobile antennas,the paper emphasizes in expounding the factual shapes and technical characteristics of several directional antennas.And finally,according to our research experience in this field,the development trends and key techniques to be researched are also pointed out.

Key words: mobile satellite communication, earth station antenna, omni-directional antenna, directional antenna

林敏,杨绿溪,龚铮权. 卫星移动通信地球站天线发展综述[J]. 电信科学, 2006, 22(3): 8-13.

Min Lin,Luxi Yang,Zhengquan Gong. Survey of Earth Station Antennas for Mobile Satellite Communications[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2006, 22(3): 8-13.

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性能	指标
工作频率	1.545～1.559 GHz（接收）,1.6465～1.6605 GHz（发射）
天线阵	平面阵/19元交叉缝隙
空间覆盖范围	20°～60°（俯仰）,0～360°（方位）
增益	10 dBic（仰角30°）,8 dBic（仰角20°）
波束半功率宽度	35°（俯仰）,25°（方位）
波束指向精度	+5°
跟踪方式	开环与闭环相结合

天线类型	优点	缺点
机械扫描天线	结构简单，成本低，设计技术成熟	跟踪速度慢，可靠性低，天线剖面高
波束切换天线	结构简单，成本低，跟踪速度快	天线增益偏低，存在波束覆盖盲区，天线剖面高
相控阵天线	跟踪速度快，电气性能好且可靠性高，天线剖面低且便于共形安装	成本偏高
软件天线	跟踪速度快且电气性能好，易于形成多个波束实现多颗卫星的同时跟踪，开放式结构便于增加新的功能，天线剖面低且便于共形安装	设计技术不够成熟，设备复杂

性能			指标
工作频率（GHz）	10	12	19	21
增益（dB）	12.7	21.3	10.4	15.9
交叉极化（dB）	－11.4	－12.6	－9.6	－15.2
扫描角（度）	－24.8～＋13.8	－19.3～＋18.3	－21.5～＋21.5	－20.5～＋19.5

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