电信科学 ›› 2014, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 1-15.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0801.2014.06.001
• 视点聚焦 • 下一篇
李明军1,2,陈皓1,2
出版日期:
2014-06-15
发布日期:
2014-06-15
Mingjun Li1,2,Hao Chen1,2
Online:
2014-06-15
Published:
2014-06-15
摘要:
多媒体和数据应用程序的快速扩展,驱动骨干网的带宽需求量以前所未有的速率增长。骨干容量增长的同时也给数据中心的带宽和互联带来了更多的挑战。目前光纤制造厂商正不断改善光纤的性能,以满足长途和短距离应用的需求。短期内通过改进传统光纤技术虽然可增加系统容量,但研究表明,单模光纤的传输容量正快速接近香农理论极限。采用空分复用的光纤技术可以克服该限制,为未来的容量增长提供新的解决方案。在本文中,将讨论提高光纤传输系统容量的新型光纤。对应用于长途传输的常规光纤而言,先进的数字信号处理可对色散和偏振模色散等损伤进行完全补偿,因此光纤的衰减和有效面积成为可进一步优化的参数,讨论以上两个参数的品质因数,总结超低损耗和大有效面积光纤的最新研究成果。对于短距离应用,回顾提高多模光纤带宽的方法,讨论多模光纤的发展趋势。对于下一代光纤,重点研究可实现空分复用技术的多芯和少模光纤,该技术可增加系统容量一个数量级。阐述多芯和少模光纤的设计思路,总结该技术的最新进展,最后讨论使用多芯和少模光纤所面临的主要挑战。
李明军,陈皓. 用于大容量光传输系统的新型光纤[J]. 电信科学, 2014, 30(6): 1-15.
Mingjun Li,Hao Chen. Novel Optical Fibers for High-Capacity Transmission System[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2014, 30(6): 1-15.
表1
低损耗和大有效面积的光纤传输实验"
光纤 | 系统 | 参考文献 | ||||||||||
α/(dB·km-1) | Aeff/μm2 | 跨距/km | 放大器 | 速率/(Gbit·s-1) | 调制格式 | 信道编号 | 信道间隔/GHz | 最大长度/km | 总容量/(Tbit·s-1) | |||
0.163 | 76~128 | 365 | EDFA/Raman | 112 | PM-QPSK | 40 | 50 | 365 | 4 | |||
0.162 | 134 | 100 | EDFA | 112 | PM-QPSK | 16 | 50 | 7 200 | 1.6 | |||
0.165 | 85,134 | 200 | EDFA/Raman | 112 | PM-QPSK | 8 | 50 | 5 400 | 0.8 | |||
32 | 6 000 | 3.2 | ||||||||||
0.161 | 112 | 50 | EDFA | 112 | PM-QPSK | 80 | 50 | 9 000 | 8 | |||
0.160 | 112,146 | 60.6 | EDFA | 120.5 | PDM-8QAM-OFDM | 115 | 25 | 10 181 | 11.5 | |||
0.17 | 80 | 125 | EDFA | 112 | PDM-QPSK | 1 | 50 | 3 000 | 0.26 | |||
42.8 | CRZ-DQPSK | 4 | ||||||||||
0.162 | 112 | 100 | Raman | 112 | PM-QPSK | 40 | 50 | 10 200 | 4 | [49] |
表2
不同类型多模光纤的带宽和链路距离"
光纤 | 纤芯?0 | 纤芯直径/μm | 多模满注入带宽/MHz·km | 有效模式带宽/MHz·km | 850 nm链路距离/m | ||||||
850 nm | 1 310 nm | 850 nm | 1 Gbit/s | 10 Gbit/s | 40 Gbit/s | 100 Gbit/s | |||||
OM1 | 2% | 62.5 | 200 | 500 | N/A | 275 | 33 | N/A | N/A | ||
OM2 | 1% | 50 | 500 | 500 | N/A | 550 | 82 | N/A | N/A | ||
OM3 | 1% | 50 | 1 500 | 500 | 2 000 | N/A | 300 | 100 | 100 | ||
OM4 | 1% | 50 | 3 500 | 500 | 4 700 | N/A | 550 | 150 | 150 |
表3
光纤光学特性设计实例"
光纤 | 1 550 nm的LP01 MFD/μm | 1 550 nm的LP01有效面积/μm2 | LP01色散/(ps(nm·km)-1) | LP11截止波长/μm | 1 550 nm的LP11有效面积/μm2 | LP11色散/(ps(nm·km)-1) | 1 500 nm的DMGD/(ps·km-1) | 1 550 nm的DMGD/(ps·km-1) | 1 600 nm的DMGD/(ps·km-1) | 1 550 nm的DMGD斜率/(ps·(nm·km)-1) |
0 | 15.0 | 177 | 21.0 | 4.085 | 238 | 21.1 | -0.76 | 0.39 | 0.68 | 0.019 1 |
1 | 15.3 | 186 | 21.2 | 4.178 | 242 | 21.4 | 0.101 2 | 0.105 7 | 0.109 4 | 0.061 23 |
2 | 14.7 | 168 | 20.9 | 3.976 | 234 | 20.8 | -0.124 3 | -0.126 9 | -0.130 4 | -0.043 63 |
表4
利用少模光纤的模分复用传输实验"
光纤 | 系统 | 参考文献 | |||||||||||
模数数量 | 差分模式集群时延/(ps·km-1) | 跨距/km | 模式复用/解复用 | 放大器 | 传输速率/(Gbit·s-1) | 信道数/个 | 信道间隔/GHz | 传输距离/km | 总承载量/(Tbit·s-1) | 光谱效率/(bit·Hz-1) | |||
3 | 25 | 50 | 相位板 | FM EDFA | 76 | 146 | 25 | 500 | 66.57 | 18.2 | |||
16 | 1 000 | 7.30 | |||||||||||
6 | 183 | 59 | 3D波导 | SM EDFA | 128 | 32 | 25 | 177 | 26.4 | 33.0 | |||
3 | 5.4 | 84,35 | 相位板 | FM EDFA | 128 | 96 | 50 | 119 | 57.6 | 12 | |||
3 | 50 | 30 | 相位板 | SM EDFA | 80 | 1 | 1 200 | 0.19 |
表5
利用多芯光纤进行空分复用的传输实验"
光纤 | 系统 | 参考文献 | |||||||||||
纤芯数量 | 纤芯间距/μm | 光纤直径/μm | 有效面积/μm2 | 跨距/km | 数据传输速率/(Gbit·s-1) | 信道数目/个 | 信道间距/GHz | 传输距离/km | 总容量/(Tbit·s-1) | 光谱效率/(bit·Hz-1) | |||
12 | 37 | 225 | 81 | 52 | 456 | 222 | 50 | 52 | 1 010 | 91.4 | |||
12 SM | 45 | 216 | 80 | 3 | 92,103 | 385 | 25 | 3 | 1 050 | 109 | |||
2 FM | 213 | ||||||||||||
7 | 56 | 200 | 99 | 55 | 128 | 40 | 50 | 6 160 | 28.8 | 14.4 | |||
19 | 35 | 200 | 72 | 10.1 | 86 | 100 | 100 | 10.1 | 305 | 30.5 |
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