基于按对平衡设计的异构无线传感器网络密钥预分配方案

doi:1000-436X(2010)01-0037-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用异构无线传感器网络中普通节点和簇头节点间的差异性，基于中心可分解型按对平衡设计构造了异构的节点密钥环，设计了 2种密钥预分配方案DCPBD和VDCPBD。其中，DCPBD利用了中心可分解类型PBD，将普通区组作为普通节点的密钥环，将特殊区组作为簇头节点的密钥环。VDCPBD基于DCPBD进行了扩展，将单一核密钥替换为基于另一密钥池进行SBIBD设计出的簇间密钥环，减小了DCPBD由于单个簇头节点被俘后对整个网络抗毁性的影响。由于在设计时考虑了节点的异构特性，使用确定性方法构造了异构密钥环，使得在保持密钥连通率不变的前提下获得了更低的空间复杂度。仿真实验表明，2个方案都支持大规模网络，且单跳密钥连通率随网络规模增大而趋近于1,2跳连通率恒为1。VDCPBD还具备了更强的抗节点捕获能力和更好的网络可扩展性。

关键词: 异构无线传感器网络, 密钥管理, 密钥预分配, 按对平衡设计, 异构密钥环

Abstract:

The discrepancy of common nodes and cluster head nodes in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks was used, the heterogeneous key chain of nodes based on divisibl core pair-wise balanced design was constructed, and key pre-distributed schemes, DCPBD and VDCPBD were designed. DCPBD was based on the divisible core pair-wise ba-lanced design (termed of PBD), and the common blocks map as the common node's key chains and the particular blocks map as the cluster head's key chains. VDCPBD was extended from DCPBD, and also the single core was replaced by another key pool which was designed by SBIBD, and decreased the influence of the single cluster head's compromise and enhanced the networks' survivability. As the heterogeneous attribute in design was considered, and the certainty me-thod to construct the heterogeneous key chains and acquire lower space complexity without changing the key connectivi-ty. Simulation shows that both of two schemes sustain arge-scale networks and, as the networks' scale increases, the sin-gle hop key connectivity approaches to 1, the double hop key connectivity is 1 constantly. VDCPBD also has better resi-lience against node capture and better networks' extensibility.

Key words: heterogeneous wireless sensor networks, key management, key pre-distribution, pair-wise balanced design, heterogeneous key chain

马春光,张秉政,孙原,王慧强. 基于按对平衡设计的异构无线传感器网络密钥预分配方案[J]. 通信学报, 2010, 31(1): 37-43.

Chun-guang MA,Bing-zheng ZHANG,Yuan SUN,Hui-qiang WANG. Based on pair-wise balanced design key pre-distribution scheme for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks[J]. Journal on Communications, 2010, 31(1): 37-43.

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符号	含义
符号	PBD方案	密钥预分配方案
S	基集	密钥池
v	基集大小	密钥数量
B	区组	密钥环
	特殊区组	簇头密钥环
k	区组大小	密钥环大小
r	元使用时间	密钥使用时间
b	区组数量	节点数量
l	区组间的共同元素数量	节点间的共享密钥数量

	K₁	K₂	K₃	K₄	K₅	K₆	K₇	K₈	K₉	K₀
B₁	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0
B₂	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0
B₃	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0
B₄	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0
B₅	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0
B₆	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0
B₇	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0
B₈	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0
B₉	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	0
B₁₀	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
B₁₁	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1
B₁₂	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1

	K₁	K₂	K₃	K₄	K₅	K₆	K₇	K₈	K₉	K₀₁	K₀₂	K₀₃	K₀₄	K₀₅	K₀₆	K₀₇
B₁	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
B₂	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
B₃	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
B₄	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
B₅	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
B₆	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
B₇	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
B₈	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
B₉	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
B₁₀	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
B₁₁	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	0
B₁₂	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	1

VDCPBD设计	密钥池	h-f ring	h-s r in g	cn连通率	hn连通率	Avg key-path
{13,17};{1,2};182	182	13	17	0.9286	1	1.0833
{31,37};{1,2};992	992	31	37	0.9686	1	1.0314
{73,82};{1,2};5402	5402	73	82	0.9865	1	1.0135
{91,101};{1,2};8372	8372	91	101	0.9891	1	1.0109
{307,325};{1,2};94506	94506	307	325	0.9986	1	1.0032