基于Arnold变换的数字图像自适应隐写算法

doi:10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2016128

通信学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 192-198.doi: 10.11959/j.issn.1000-436x.2016128

• 学术通信 • 上一篇

基于Arnold变换的数字图像自适应隐写算法

李琪¹,廖鑫^1,^2,³,屈国庆⁴,陈国永¹,杜蛟⁵

¹ 湖南大学信息科学与工程学院，湖南长沙 410082
² 中国科学院软件研究所，北京 100190
³ 中国科学院信息工程研究所，北京 100190
⁴ 南京大学软件学院，江苏南京 210093
⁵ 河南师范大学数学与信息科学学院，河南新乡 453007

出版日期:2016-06-25 发布日期:2017-08-04
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目;国家自然科学基金资助项目;国家自然科学基金资助项目;国家自然科学基金资助项目;教育部博士点新教师基金资助项目;湖南省自然科学基金资助项目;中国博士后科学基金资助项目;河南省高校科技创新团队支持计划基金资助项目

Adaptive steganography algorithm in digital image based on Arnold transform

Qi LI¹,Xin LIAO^1,^2,³,Guo-qing QU⁴,Guo-yong CHEN¹,Jiao DU⁵

¹ College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China
² Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China
³ Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China
⁴ Software Institute,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China
⁵ College of Mathematics and Information Science,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang 453007,China

Online:2016-06-25 Published:2017-08-04
Supported by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China;The National Natural Science Foundation of China;The National Natural Science Foundation of China;The National Natural Science Foundation of China;Doctoral Program of Higher Programs Foundation of Chinese Ministry of Education;Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China;Project Funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation;Program for Innovative Research Team(Science and Technology)in University of Henan Province

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以往的图像自适应隐写算法大多数以顺序满嵌的方式嵌入秘密信息，这类算法秘密信息的隐蔽性不够高，因此提出一种随机非满嵌算法。通过分析出图像的系统参数使图像的满嵌容量刚好大于秘密信息的长度让载体图像达到非满嵌，增强了隐写的灵活性，减少了载体图像的嵌入修改量。再使用Arnold变换对数据的嵌入顺序进行置乱，防止攻击者按顺序分析出秘密信息，使秘密信息的隐蔽性变高，进而提高了算法的安全性。实验结果表明本算法提高了隐写的隐蔽性，减少了图像的嵌入失真度，且随机非满嵌操作适用于很多同类算法。

关键词: 隐写术, Arnold变换, 系统参数, 非满嵌

Abstract:

Previous adaptive steganography algorithms were based on ordinal and full-embedding method.However,these algorithms might cause the concealment of secret information not good enough.Therefore,a random and non-fully embedding method was proposed to improve the concealment.The image system parameters could be obtained,so that the image full capacity was exactly greater than the length of information for non-full embedding.Moreover,these parameters made steganography more flexibility by reducing the modifications of image.Then,secret information embedding sequence was scrambled based on Arnold transform for the purpose that the steganalyst cannot detect out information orderly.Therefore,the secret information can be more concealed,which can improve the security of the algorithms.Experimental results show that the algorithm not only improves the concealment of steganography but also reduces stego distortion,and random non-full embedding operating can be applied to many other similar algorithms.

Key words: steganography, Arnold transform, system parameter, non-fully embedding

李琪,廖鑫,屈国庆,陈国永,杜蛟. 基于Arnold变换的数字图像自适应隐写算法[J]. 通信学报, 2016, 37(6): 192-198.

Qi LI,Xin LIAO,Guo-qing QU,Guo-yong CHEN,Jiao DU. Adaptive steganography algorithm in digital image based on Arnold transform[J]. Journal on Communications, 2016, 37(6): 192-198.

图/表 10

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

表2

表3

表4

表5

表6

参考文献 15

[1]	ANDERSON R J , PETITCOLAS F A P . On the limits of steganography[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 1998,16(4): 474-481.
[2]	PETITCOLAS F , ANDERSON R , KUHN M . Information hiding—a survey[J]. Proc IEEE, 1999,87(7): 1062-1078.
[3]	LANGELAAR G C , SETYAWAN L , LAGENDIJK R L . Watermarking digital image and video data:a state-of-the-art overview[J]. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2000,17(5): 20-46.
[4]	LU C S , LIAO H Y . Multipurpose watermarking for image authentication and protection[J]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2001,10(10): 1579-1592.
[5]	PROVOS N , HONEYMAN P . Detecting steganographic content on the Internet[C]// Network and Distributed System Security Symposium. San Diego,USA, 2002: 1-11.
[6]	WANG H , WANG S . Cyber warfare:steganography vs.steganalysis[J]. Communications of the ACM, 2004,47(10): 76-82.
[7]	COX I , MATTHEW M , BLOOM J ,et al. Digital watermarking and steganography[M/OL]. .
[8]	UNG K H . High-capacity steganographic method based on pixel-value differencing and LSB replacement methods[J]. The Imaging Science Journal, 2010,58(4): 213-221.
[9]	WU D C , TSAI W H . A steganographic method for images by pixel-value differencing[J]. Pattern Recognition Letters, 2003,24(9): 1613-1626.
[10]	WU H C , WU N L , TSAI C S ,et al. Image steganographic scheme based on pixel-value differencing and LSB replacement methods[J]. IEEE Proceedings Vision,Image,and Signal Processing, 2005,152(5): 611-615.
[11]	WANG C M , WU N L , TSAI C S ,et al. A high quality steganographic method with pixel-value differencing and modulus function[J]. Journal of Systems and Software, 2008,81(1): 150-158.
[12]	SUN H M , WENG C Y , LEE C F ,et al. Anti-forensics with steganographic data embedding in digital images[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2011,29(7): 1392-1403.
[13]	LIAO X , WEN Q , ZHANG J . A steganographic method for digital images with four-pixel differencing and modified LSB substitution[J]. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, 2011,22(1): 1-8.
[14]	邹建成, 铁小匀 . 数字图像的二维Arnold变换及其周期性[J]. 北方工业大学学报, 2000,12(1): 10-14. QU J C , TIE X J . Arnold transform two-dimensional digital images and periodicity[J]. Journal of North China University of Technology, 2000,12(1): 10-14.
[15]	DING W , YAN W Q , QI D X . Digital image information hiding technology and its application based on scrambling and amalgamation[J]. Journal of Image and Graphics, 2000,5(8): 644-649.

(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5)和D=15			(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6)和D=15
Percent	Capacity/bit	PSNR/dB	Percent	Capacity/bit	PSNR/dB
10%	70 225	52.39	10%	75 043	50.03
20%	139 876	49.41	20%	150 119	47.01
30%	209 764	47.64	30%	225 021	45.25
40%	279 841	46.40	40%	300 053	44.00
50%	350 464	45.45	50%	382 616	42.96
60%	419 904	44.66	60%	450 234	42.25
70%	490 000	44.00	70%	525 328	41.57
80%	559 504	43.42	80%	600 628	41.00
90%	630 437	42.90	90%	675 209	40.48
100%	671 015	42.63	100%	747 637	40.04

参数	满嵌容量m/bit	PSNR/dB	跟t的大小关系	是否为最佳参数T*
(1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2)	418 303	48.70	大	是

参数	满嵌容量m/bit	PSNR/dB	跟t的大小关系	是否为最佳参数T*
(1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2)	409 891	49.08	小	否
(1,1,1,1,2,2,2,3)	409 891	48.80	小	否
(1,1,1,1,2,2,3,3)	415 959	48.58	大	是

参数	满嵌容量m/bit	PSNR/dB	跟t的大小关系	是否为最佳参数T*
(1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2)	480 355	47.01	大	是

参数	满嵌容量m/bit	PSNR/dB	跟t的大小关系	是否为最佳参数T*
(1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2)	406 102	49.25	小	否
(1,1,1,1,2,2,2,3)	406 102	49.06	小	否
(1,1,1,1,2,2,3,3)	410 907	48.88	大	是

基于Arnold变换的数字图像自适应隐写算法

Adaptive steganography algorithm in digital image based on Arnold transform

在线阅读

PDF下载

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 10

参考文献 15

相关文章 3

Metrics

推荐阅读 0

[1]	马利民,王佳慧. 基于改进FEMD算法的可逆秘密图像共享方案[J]. 通信学报, 2019, 40(7): 48-56.
[2]	陈嘉勇,刘九芬,祝跃飞,张卫明. 隐写术中矩阵编码的保密安全性[J]. 通信学报, 2012, 33(6): 174-179.
[3]	高宝建,王薇,汪俊. 基于线性分组码标准阵列的数据分组隐藏方法[J]. 通信学报, 2009, 30(3): 93-98.

参数	满嵌容量m/bit	PSNR/dB	跟t的大小关系	是否为最佳参数T*
(1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2)	399 823	49.51	小	否
(1,1,1,1,2,2,2,3)	399 823	49.38	小	否
(1,1,1,1,2,2,3,3)	402 535	49.26	小	否
(1,1,1,1,2,3,3,3)	402 535	49.13	小	否
(1,1,1,1,3,3,3,3)	405 247	49.00	小	否
(1,1,1,2,3,3,3,3)	467 816	47.57	大	是