6G：典型应用、关键技术与面临挑战

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2022.00253

物联网学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 6 ›› Issue (1): 29-43.doi: 10.11959/j.issn.2096-3750.2022.00253

所属专题： 6G

6G：典型应用、关键技术与面临挑战

栾宁¹, 熊轲¹^,², 张煜³, 何睿斯², 屈钢⁴, 艾渤²

¹ 北京交通大学计算机与信息技术学院，北京 100044
² 轨道交通控制与安全国家重点实验室，北京 100044
³ 国网能源研究院有限公司，北京 102209
⁴ 马里兰大学帕克分校电气和计算机工程系，美国大学公园市 20742

修回日期:2022-01-02 出版日期:2022-03-30 发布日期:2022-03-01
作者简介:栾宁（1996− ），女，北京交通大学计算机与信息技术学院硕士生，主要研究方向为信息年龄、无线能量传输网络和6G网络等
熊轲（1981− ），男，博士，北京交通大学计算机与信息技术学院教授、副院长，主要研究方向为无线协作网络、无线移动网络和网络信息理论等
张煜（1983− ），男，博士，国网能源研究院有限公司高级研究员，主要研究方向为边缘计算、无线协作网络和能源互联网等
何睿斯（1987− ），男，博士，北京交通大学教授，主要研究方向为无线信道建模与5G通信技术
屈钢（1969− ），男，博士，马里兰大学帕克分校电气和计算机工程系教授，马里兰州嵌入式系统和硬件安全实验室主任、无线传感器实验室主任，IEEE Fellow，主要研究方向为超大规模集成电路知识产权重用和保护、硬件安全、低功耗系统设计、人工智能和无线传感器网络
艾渤（1974− ），男，博士，北京交通大学教授，轨道交通控制与安全国家重点实验室常务副主任，IEEE Fellow，主要研究方向为宽带移动通信和轨道交通专用移动通信
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2020YFB1806903);国家自然科学基金资助项目(62071033)

6G: typical applications, key technologies and challenges

Ning LUAN¹, Ke XIONG¹^,², Yu ZHANG³, Ruisi HE², Gang QU⁴, Bo AI²

¹ School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
² State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Control and Safety, Beijing 100044, China
³ State Grid Energy Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102209, China
⁴ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park 20742, USA

Revised:2022-01-02 Online:2022-03-30 Published:2022-03-01
Supported by:
The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFB1806903);The National Natural Science Foundation of China(62071033)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2020年我国已步入5G商用元年，与此同时6G在全球范围的研究正式拉开帷幕。相比5G网络，6G网络将具备更大信息容量、更高传输速率、更低传输时延、更大设备连接数量、更高频谱效率和更高能量效率，并能支持更高移动速度的应用，因此6G网络将涉及诸多新的关键技术，同时也面临许多挑战。就6G的研究背景、发展、典型应用、性能指标、网络架构、关键技术、未来挑战等方面进行了系统性综述，有望对未来6G网络相关研究提供一定的参考。

关键词: 6G移动通信网络, 触觉通信, 信息年龄, 空天地海一体化

Abstract:

2020 marked the first year of the era of 5G commercialization in China and the inception of worldwide research in 6G.Compared with 5G networks, 6G networks will have larger information capacity, higher transmission rate, lower transmission delay, larger number of connected devices, higher spectrum efficiency, higher energy efficiency, and can support applications with higher mobile speed.Therefore, 6G networks will involve many new key technologies and also face many challenges.The background, development, typical applications, performance indicators, network architecture, key technologies and future challenges of 6G were systematically reviewed, which are expected to provide some reference for future 6G networks related research.

Key words: 6G communication network, tactile communication, age of information, integration of space-air-earth-sea

中图分类号:

TP393/TN92

栾宁, 熊轲, 张煜, 何睿斯, 屈钢, 艾渤. 6G：典型应用、关键技术与面临挑战[J]. 物联网学报, 2022, 6(1): 29-43.

Ning LUAN, Ke XIONG, Yu ZHANG, Ruisi HE, Gang QU, Bo AI. 6G: typical applications, key technologies and challenges[J]. Chinese Journal on Internet of Things, 2022, 6(1): 29-43.

图/表 6

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表2

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表3

6G网络关键技术优势、挑战及应用场景总结"

技术分类	技术名称	优势	挑战	应用场景
	太赫兹通信	传输速率极高、频谱资源更丰富	高传播损耗、电路设计	工业4.0、全息通信
新型频谱使用技术	可见光通信	超宽频带、安全性高、绿色低碳	覆盖范围有限，需要射频上行链路	智慧交通、健康监控
	基于区块链的动态频谱共享	提高频谱利用率、降低成本、安全可靠	需要有统筹合理智能的算法支撑	大带宽、多模共存场景
	空间复用技术	提高传输数据数量、提高频谱利用率	高频率带来的收发器和天线设计、功效设计	高精度定位、环境感知
	极化编码技术	逼近香农极限、编译码复杂度和误码率低	将其引入非正交多址接入系统	编码调制、有记忆信道、监听信道
高效无线接入技术	全双工技术	提高复用能力、提高吞吐量	干扰管理、调度	低功率发射场景等
	智能反射面技术	增加接收信号功率、减小干扰、安全传输	智能反射面的部署，对收发机硬件的影响	存在障碍物及小区边缘用户
	轨道角动量技术	多路复用并行以实现高频谱效率	波束合并和分离、电涡流信号的传输和接收	基站间的链路回传、终端间的近场通信
	软件定义网络	高效控制网络、可靠性和安全性高	在物理和虚拟网络间部署和管理网络资源	用于6G无线网络体系架构
	意图驱动网络	预测故障自动修复、运维自动化	无线意图转译、意图组网实施	电力、金融、政府
网络智慧使能技术	无线触觉网络	可以传递情感、提高网络沟通效率	将通信、控制和计算系统组合成共享基础设施	远程机器人控制、沉浸式虚拟现实
	分布式智能无线计算	智能更接近用户、延迟减少	跨网元跨区域有效实现计算和数据分析的分发	移动VR/AR
	新型传感技术	可以提供超连接体验	需要3D成像和机器视觉支持	无人机、车辆控制系统
	量子通信技术	计算效率高、安全性更强	现实条件下的安全性问题和远距离传输问题	银行和政府部门的保密通信
安全可持续技术	网络内生安全	预测性感知网络变化、防御能力强	需要提供海量数据分析或流量监控的新算法	智能电网、交通运输、健康医疗
	无线能量传输	可控性、稳定性、自维护性高、供电持续	电磁干扰问题	便携式电子产品、机器人、无人机

表3

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性能指标	5G	6G
峰值速率/（Gbit·s^-1）	10	1 000
体验速率/（Gbit·s^-1）	0.1	1
网络时延/ms	1	0.1
连接密度/（个·m^-2）	1	100
移动能力/（km·h^-1）	500	1 000
定位精度	室内10 cm、室外5 m	室内1 cm、室外50 cm
频谱效率/（bit·s^-1·Hz^-1）	100	200
能量效率/（bit·J^-1）	100	200
基站算力/Tops	100～200	1 000
覆盖范围	陆地局部	空天地海
安全性	补丁式安全	内生安全
信息时效性	较高	高

	5G	6G
覆盖特性	陆地	空天地海全域覆盖（支持随时随地接入）
智能性	智能组网	智慧内生（AI与网络深度融合）
网络架构	蜂窝架构	去蜂窝架构、异构（柔性、按需服务）

6G：典型应用、关键技术与面临挑战

6G: typical applications, key technologies and challenges

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