DDoS攻击防御技术发展综述

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-109x.2017.00202

Abstract

Abstract:

The distributed denial of server (DDoS) attack is a major threat to the Internet.Numerous works have been proposed to deal with this problem through attack detection and defense mechanism design.A survey was presented to introduce the DDoS defense technologies,from the traditional strategies,through Cloud-based systems,toward SDN-based mechanisms.According to the characteristics of DDoS attack,the features and drawbacks of these systems were discussed,which could provide new insights for the development of the new generation of network security framework in the future.

Key words: DDoS defense, cloud computing, software-defined network, distributed networks

CLC Number:

TP393

Fei CHEN,Xiao-hong BI,Jing-jing WANG,Yuan LIU. Survey of DDoS defense:challenges and directions[J]. Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security, 2017, 3(10): 16-24.

Figures/Tables 6

References 48

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DDoS攻击类型	描述
访问请求洪流攻击	攻击者在应用层的Session里加入大量的访问请求
非对称攻击	攻击者发送高任务量的请求，加重服务器计算或数据库查询的负载
重复单次攻击	将请求任务分发到多个 Session，并提高Session发送量

检测机制	准确度	时效性	通信开销	部署成本	代表方案
源端检测	低	高	较低	较高	MULTOPS^[7]、D-WARD^[8]
末端检测	高	低	低	低	IP Traceback^[9]、主动检测^[10]
中间网络检测	较高	较高	高	高	路由报文过滤^[11,12]
分布式型检测	高	高	较高	较高	ACC^[13]、StopIt^[14]

攻击响应技术	优点	缺点	代表方案
报文过滤	过滤通过地址欺骗的DDoS攻击，保护正常用户流量	①无法防御利用真实主机和IP地址的攻击；②对检测的精确度依赖较高；③大规模攻击时负载较高	分布式报文过滤^[18]路径标识^[19]
速率限制	能够避免大量报文拥塞链路，保障攻击情况下的系统正常运行	①需要大规模部署；②可能对正常用户造成影响	Pushback^[13]最大最小公平限流 ^[20]
攻击容忍	尽可能维持系统的正常运行和用户的使用，为反攻措施争取时间	①本身不能阻止 DDoS 攻击；②需要大量的系统资源开销以维持服务正常运行	Honeynet^[21]负载均衡^[10]
攻击溯源	追踪攻击的发起者进行主动防御，从根源上抑制攻击产生	①需要大规模部署；②需要利用空间有限的报文头信息进行标记；③利用大量路由器存储数据分组信息	Packet marking^[22]Logging^[23]

防御技术	文献	攻击检测	攻击响应	协作机制
集中式防御	5～24]	分析报文为主	报文过滤、限速等	单点/组内协作
云计算	25～32]	分析网络流量为主	网络结构调整、隔离等	云接入点/Hypervisor
SDN网络	33～44]	分析流表为主	数据流过滤、溯源等	SDN控制器/交换机

Survey of DDoS defense:challenges and directions

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