机器类通信流量建模与过载控制

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-436x.2013.09.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

机器类通信（或 MTC 通信）定义为通过蜂窝网络进行数据传输的机器通信，作为未来泛在网络的重要组成部分，具有广阔的应用前景和市场潜力。为评估 MTC 接入时的网络性能，以 3GPP 参考流量模型和G/M/1队列模型的通解为基础，为MTC通信建立Beta/M/1队列模型；通过推导形状参数为任意正整数的Beta分布的概率生成函数的解析解，给出Beta/M/1模型性能评估的求解过程；利用数值分析，给出Beta/M/1模型的主要特征。为解决MTC接入时系统面临的过载问题，提出了3个解决办法，分别是：1）不同属性终端间聚类；2）改变MTC终端到达时间间隔分布；3）分段均匀随机退避算法。所提Beta/M/1模型及分段均匀随机退避算法可作为物联网/MTC通信/海量终端入网性能分析及过载控制的参考模型。

关键词: 物联网, 泛在网络, 机器与机器通信, 机器类通信, Beta分布, 流量建模, 过载控制

Abstract:

Machine type communications (MTC),defined as machine to machine communication over cellular mobile network,is an integral part of future ubiquitous network and has broad application prospects and market potentials.To carry out the performance analysis of network in context of MTC applications,a Beta/M/1 queue model was proposed for modeling the network with MTC applications and its full performance analysis wer iven out by deducing the analytical expression of Beta distribution’s moment generation function,in which the shape parameters of Beta distribut are as-sumed to be integer.In addition,to handle the congestion caused by mass concurrent data and signaling transmission from many MTC devices,three overload control measures were also presented,that is:1) inter-class grouping techniques; 2) re-shaping the inter-arrival time distribution of MTC devices; 3) segment-wise uniform back-off scheme.The Beta/M/1 mod-el and segment-wise uniform back-off scheme proposed here can be used as a preliminary model for different MTC ap-plication scenarios and serve as a fundamental traffic model and overload control method for future ubiquitous network.

Key words: Internet of thing, ubiquitous network, machine-to-machine communication, machine type communication, Beta distribution, traffic modeling, overload control

简鑫,曾孝平,贾云健,杨俊逸,贺渊. 机器类通信流量建模与过载控制[J]. 通信学报, 2013, 34(9): 123-131.

Xin JIAN,Xiao-ping ZENG,Yun-jian JIA,Jun-yi YANG,Yuan HE. Traffic modeling for machine type communication and its overload control[J]. Journal on Communications, 2013, 34(9): 123-131.

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到达时间分布	均值	生成函数		数学运算
到达时间分布	均值	生成函数		复域	时域
Beta(1,3)	1/4	F(1,4,u)	↓	微分	乘自变量
Beta(2,3)	2/5	F(2,5,u)	↓	微分	乘自变量
Beta(3,3)	3/6	F(3,6,u)	↓	先乘积后微分	除自变量
Beta(3,2)	3/5	F(3,5,u)	↓	先乘积后微分	除自变量
Beta(3,1)	3/4	F(3,4,u)
附：图中箭头表示由一个Beta分布到另一个Beta分布的变换，仅起指示作用。

终端类型	终端个数	前导码比特数（LTE Format1）	流量模型			退避机制
终端类型	终端个数	前导码比特数（LTE Format1）	理论模型	3GPP TR 37.868提案模型2	Slot ALOHA	提案A	提案B	提案C
常规终端	2 000	28		Poisson(?)		U(0,Tint)	U(0,Tint)	U(0,Tint)
第一类MTC终端	4 000	28	Poisson(?)	Tint×Beta(3,3)	U(0,Tint)	U(0.5Tint,0.75Tint)	U(Tint,0.5Tint)	U(0,1.5Tint)
第二类MTC终端	4 000	28		Tint×Beta(4,4)		U(0.75Tint,1Tint)	U(1.5Tint,Tint)	U(0,2Tint)