教育大数据隐私保护机制与技术研究

doi:10.11959/j.issn.2096-0271.2020054

Abstract

Abstract:

With the deepening application of big data technology in the field of education,the potential risks such as personal privacy security that may be brought by the collection,analysis and sharing of educational data can not be ignored.How to ensure the safety of educational data,reasonable and compliance analysis and utilization of educational data are the urgent problems to be solved.Based on the characteristics of education big data,the privacy connotation of education big data was focused on.The privacy protection framework of education big data was put forward around the privacy protection needs of stakeholders in the life cycle of education data.And the current privacy protection technology system that can be used in education field was combed,so as to provide support for various application links of education big data,promote the standardized and orderly development of education big data.

Key words: educational big data, privacy protection, stakeholder, data life cycle, privacy protection technology

CLC Number:

G40-057

Jieyu YUE, Chaoyang LUO, Jingshu DING, Qing LI. Research on privacy protection mechanism and technology of educational big data[J]. Big Data Research, 2020, 6(6): 52-63.

Figures/Tables 2

生命周期	相关技术		特点	教育应用场景
数据存储	静态数据加密	对称加密	适用于数据量较小的数据的加密，效率高，但安全性低	教育信息业务系统数据管理、教育信息系统文件安全保障方案、交互式环境下的共享安全
		公钥加密	能够适应交互式环境，效率较低，但安全性较高
		混合加密	高效且可保证较高的安全性
	动态数据加密	类同态加密	在不解密的情况下，能对数据进行处理，但计算复杂度高，致使效率较低
		全同态加密
	安全多方计算	基于OT的安全多方计算协议	理论上安全，但缺乏细致研究和实现
		基于VSS的安全多方计算协议
		基于同态加密的安全多方计算
		协议
		基于Mix-Match的安全多方计
		算协议
数据处理	数据匿名化	k-匿名l-多样化	安全性较高，但会出现一定程度的信息损失	教育数据脱敏
		t-贴近性
		m-invariance，HDcomposition算法	填补了经典方案仅适用于静态关系数据的局限，保证数据在非静态发布时的隐私安全
数据应用	差分隐私技术		不局限于对抗性背景知识，使数据的公开量有限，但关键参数ε难以控制	教育数据发布、学习数据分析隐私保护
	区块链技术		能够去中心化，支持匿名交易，但安全性受算力影响	在线学习系统的数据安全与隐私保护
	安全检索技术	对称密文检索	安全性强，运算效率较高	教育信息系统文件安全保障
		非对称密文检索	功能性强，但效率较低
	授权和访问控制技术	基于属性的授权与访问控制	可以实现细粒度的授权和访问控制，但是定义授权规则的操作困难、烦琐	在线学习和在线考试系统的安全保障
		基于角色的授权与访问控制	集成效率高，但安全管理员需具备多领域的专业知识
		密码访问控制	效率高，开销小，但很难解决不同用户的密钥管理和分发问题
		自主访问控制	权限管理复杂度爆炸式增长，使得执行困难

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